Showing posts with label sample news report. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sample news report. Show all posts

Saturday, September 06, 2008

宏觀報導: 發揚中華文化

華人武術大師教西方人武術及氣功沒什麼稀奇的,但是如果是英國武術大師教西方人,甚至是華人就很特別了。這是伯恩茅斯大學的一項認識多元文化計畫,目的是要透過武術、氣功、以及繪畫讓學生及當地居民更了解傳統中華文化及哲學思想,甚至連台灣的僑胞也都很有興趣。

一如以往, 該報導可在宏觀電視網站收看, 標題為 "英國伯恩茅斯 發揚中華文化". (因為網站更新的緣故, 如果您在網頁右下角"新聞選單"處找不到該報導, 請依下列步驟觀看:

1. 網頁左下角 "僑社新聞網" 按鈕選單處按下 "地區"; "地區" 的下拉式選單處選 "歐洲" --> "英國" --> "伯恩茅斯".

2. "日期"處兩邊都設定為 2008-09-05. 右下方 "查詢" 處按一下, 該報導會在右方"新聞選單"處出現. 即使你聽到 "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again" 也沒有關係.

3. 在"英國伯恩茅斯 發揚中華文化"標題連結處點一下.

4. 在左方的播放視窗處按下該三角形按鈕, 即可收看.

~~

There’s nothing unusual for an ethnic Chinese Gong Fu master to teach westerners martial arts and Qi Gong. But it is quite special for a British Gong Fu master to teach not only westerners but also ethnic Chinese. This is part of a Bournemouth University’s cultural awareness project, aiming to promote traditional Chinese culture and philosophies through martial arts, Qi Gong and fine arts to students and the local community. Even Taiwanese expatriates are interested.
To watch this video clip in Chinese, please follow the steps below:

1. Go to Macroview TV website: http://www.pts.org.tw/macroview/

2. On the lower left hand side of the page where you see some drop down menus at the "Compatriot News" section:
First click on the button which says "地區" (Area), if this option is not chosen as default. From the "地區" (Area) menu, choose "歐洲" for Europe, choose "英國" for UK, and choose "伯恩茅斯" for Bournemouth.

3. On both sides of the "日期" (Date) menu, set both dates as 2008-09-05. Click on "查詢" (Search) button in the next line to the right. The report link should appear on the right hand side where it says "新聞選單" (News Menu). It does NOT matter even if you hear "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again".

4. You should see the headline: 英國伯恩茅斯 發揚中華文化 (Bournemouth, UK: promotion of Chinese culture). Click on this headline link under "新聞選單" (News Menu). It should play automatically.

5. If not, click on the triangular button (play button) of the control panel on the left hand side. You should then be able to watch it.

Tuesday, July 15, 2008

宏觀報導: 華人團契 兼容並蓄


你有聽過國語禮拜、英語禮拜或廣東話禮拜,但你有聽過三種禮拜一起進行嗎?「培城華人基督徒團契」是博恩茅斯極其少數的華人團契,每個星期天如果邀請到英語傳教士傳道,就會逐句翻譯成廣東話及國語。不僅提供僑胞精神信仰的選擇,也成為華人子弟學習國語及廣東話的聚會場所。

「不分種族,兼容並蓄」是培城華人基督徒團契的真實寫照。來自香港的梁慕華傳教士在1992年來到博恩茅斯,而後創立了這個華人教會。她說打從成立的第一天,就有講道翻譯的服務,十五年來始終如一。

梁教士希望能夠跨越語言鴻溝,進而搭起文化大橋,幫助來到異鄉的華人更順利融入英國。

該報導可在宏觀電視網站收看, 標題為 "英國伯恩茅斯 培城華人基督徒團契". (因為網站更新的緣故, 如果您在網頁右下角"新聞選單"處找不到該報導, 請依下列步驟觀看:

1. 網頁左下角 "僑社新聞網" 按鈕選單處按下 "地區"; "地區" 的下拉式選單處選 "歐洲" --> "英國" --> "伯恩茅斯".

2. "日期"處兩邊都設定為 2008-07-15. 右下方 "查詢" 處按一下, 該報導會在右方"新聞選單"處出現. 即使你聽到 "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again" 也沒有關係.

3. 在"英國伯恩茅斯 培城華人基督徒團契"標題連結處點一下.

4. 在左方的播放視窗處按下該三角形按鈕, 即可收看.

Saturday, May 10, 2008

百年報社:書寫歷史 創造歷史

2008 年五月六日~五月九日應該是我繼 BBC 實習後,最難忘的一週了。博恩茅斯當地這個唯一的報社 (Bournemouth Daily Echo) 設於 1900 年,歷史比 BBC 還悠久,甚至還有自己的圖書館,蒐藏從以前到現在的報導,紀錄當地歷史,深入社區,並推動許多公益活動,不但是讀者了解博恩茅斯的首要平面媒體,也成為許多居民回憶的一部份。

雖然報社名稱為 Bournemouth Daily Echo,其所涵蓋的發行及採訪範圍以 Bournemouth 為中心,北起 Shaftesbury,東至New Milton,西抵 Swanage。 據統計2007年十月讀者數為 88,284人,發行量約 33,215 份,其母公司就是掌有 USA Today 的 Gannett

我的通行證



Daily Echo 大樓




忙碌的辦公室




我第一天報到前就先找好新聞線索,所以跟主編小聊一下後,沒等他開口就主動提供意見,我說我的報導跟 Deaf Awareness Week有關,剛好報社裡沒人採訪,那就由我負責了。照理說,這是全國性的活動,全英國相關的聽障團體或慈善機構應該利用這個機會讓民眾多了解聽障同胞,鼓勵捐款。但是我打遍博恩茅斯的相關機構,竟沒有任何一個有任何活動。只有幾個位於倫敦的全國性團體如 UK Council on Deafness、Royal National Institute for Deaf People、National Deaf Children's Society 等唱獨角戲。我可不能整篇報導都在講倫敦,必須想辦法找出「在地觀點」(local angle) 才行。

沒有當地活動可以報導,這可傷腦筋了。於是我幾乎花了一整天的時間不斷詢問近三十個相關機構 (Bournemouth Deaf Club、The Dorset Deaf Children's Society、Ferndown Hearing Group、Wiltshire and Dorset Deaf Association 等),終於在下班後找到一位有兩個聽障孩子而且住在博恩茅斯的母親。於是整篇報導的重點有了戲劇化的轉變,從活動本身縮小到人情故事,以小見大,似乎是可行的方向。

隔天我請那位母親再幫我找另一位受訪者 (這種滾雪球調查法似乎還蠻好用的),我又訪問了市政府社服中心的社工,所需的內容就大半完成了,打完稿子後有如釋重負的感覺,還好我自己提出的意見最後還是能夠完成。

其實我訪問的對象比報導中的還多,但因為報紙篇幅有限,你所看到的字數比原本少很多。其中有趣的是現在市面上專為聽障朋友設計的防火偵測器會跟隨身裝置連線,所以如果火災發生,訊號會傳送到他們身上的裝置產生震動,不過搖不搖得醒熟睡中的人就不得而知了。



我的報導 (圖片左方, 原本是500字深入報導, 因版面關係被減為你所看到的篇幅)




第三天我跟攝影記者Richard出去,主要是觀摩他工作的情況。我們先到一個女作家的雅居幫她拍照,配合報紙裡的書評 (書名是The 11:11 Code: Secrets of the Covent),後來到 Boscombe Beach (離博恩茅斯市中心不遠) 上拍石頭。為什麼呢?該沙灘因地形關係長期受海水拍打,沙灘不斷後退。於是博恩茅斯當局去年進行外海抽沙填岸工程,沙灘是往前延伸了,但也將海底的石頭都抽上來,搞得整片沙灘變石灘。我們根據線報來這裡要拍出最嚴重的地區,可是到了之後卻發現情況比去年好很多,而提供消息的老兄提前離開,我們只好訪問擁有海灘木屋 (beach huts) 的民眾,拍了很多照片才回去。

Richard 在這報社工作二十幾年了,是很資深的攝影記者。他給我看了好幾張空拍圖,是他搭乘直升機所拍的海岸、城堡、峭壁等,每張都是一則新聞,一個故事,也捕捉了英國南海岸特有的美麗風光。

Boscombe Beach and beach huts




Richard 大哥的佳能大砲




下午我到 subediting 部門觀摩。 subeditors 並不是副編輯 (因為副編輯他們稱 deputy editor),其工作內容很廣,暫時想不出合適的中譯。以一個版面來說,他們的工作包含了審稿、校對、上標、排版、美工、置入廣告、發佈送印等。這些全由一個人完成,報社裡約有十個左右的 subeditors,每個人一天平均約要負責五到六個版面,可說是相當吃力但也是非常重要的工作。他們替報紙做最後的把關,品質的控管。現在有排版軟體 (QuarkXPress) 的幫助,減輕不少負擔,也使得各版面間字體大小、風格較為一致。當然,排版也是需要創意的,所以每一頁又可看出圖文編排的巧思,可說是同中求異。舉例來說,每一頁都有三個主元素:leading story、picture、supporting material,當 leading story 有兩張以上的照片時,就必須取捨。若不捨棄,那就要思考怎麼排最有視覺效果。我整個下午就坐在 David 的旁邊,跟他一起將空白的頁面逐一排滿。

我跟 David 一起排出來的版面 (The picture of the moon and mercury and the picture of the Great Andromeda Galaxy were taken by Professor Greg Parker. The picture of the newspaper was taken by Tony Jian)

打開 QuarkXPress,常用的模板 (template) 例如每天一定會用到的 promos、logos、titles 會自動出現,接下來就是看該頁是否要插入廣告。如果是跟新聞版面放在一起的廣告叫 display,需要廣告部跟新聞部共同決定,價格也比分類廣告貴。如果沒有廣告就比較單純,把圖文填滿就好。subeditors 不只對文字錙銖必較,對字體也有很高的要求。我就聽見他們對 Serif 不滿意,說整頁內文要換成 Helvetica 才行,那是因為那頁的背景是黑色的,Serif 字體末端的細線看不清楚。(該報標準內文字體為 Nimrod MT: 8.5, leading: 9.5 points)

編輯會議一天兩次,早上八點跟下午兩點,副編輯、廣告部、新聞部跟 subediting 代表都聚在一起討論隔天要印什麼新聞,放在幾版等等。記者通常是不參加編輯會議的,他們只要有新聞隨時通知編輯、副編輯即可。各則新聞的進度也都可在 Prestige (類似 BBC 的 ENPS) 裡看出來,所有的電腦都連到同一個系統,所以稿子完成的話,編輯就知道可以開始審稿。

subeditors 每天最晚下午六點前要把所有審過排好的版面經由 QuarkXPress 送到位於Southampton 的印刷廠,試印若有問題,例如實際色彩跟電腦上的不同,或是版面亂掉等奇怪的狀況,就要等 subeditors 修正後再送印。一般而言,每天的報紙都會在早上九點半之前送給訂戶。

翻開報紙,你會發現第二頁的 Britain & the World 整頁內容全取自 Press Association。該頁還有What the Papers Say,包含 the Times、the Sun、The Daily Telegraph、Daily Mail、Daily Express、the Guardian、the Independent、Daily Mirror、Financial Times 各報的一則短訊。我很好奇短訊內容是否取第一段全文照錄,就上網查了一下,發現大部分的確如此,連標題都一樣,所以如果讀者對該則短訊有興趣,很容易就可以找到該報該篇文章,深入閱讀。


到目前為止整個報紙的產製流程已經了解一半,我利用最後一天待在廣告部跟線上新聞部。廣告部下分 display sales 跟 classified sales,他們被戲稱為發薪水的單位,的確也是如此,全報社大大小小職員的薪水有一大半就是來自廣告收入。以五月九日的報紙為例,整份八十八頁的報紙,全版廣告就佔了約四十二頁,這還沒算入散佈各頁的小廣告跟半版廣告。以廣告類別來看,徵才廣告佔了絕大部分的收入,其次是汽車跟房地產。從分類廣告中可大約看出景氣的端倪,英國因受到美國次級房貸風暴影響,加上近年來銀行許多信用危機 (credit crunch) 使得房市陷入一片低靡,但從廣告收入的數據來看,博恩茅斯似乎受到的影響不大。

廣告部不止要時常電訪原有客戶,以確定廣告效益,還要不斷開發新客源。例如以前沒有寵物分類廣告,但最近就越來越多。至於廣告大戶例如 Lloyds TSB、ASDA、O2等都是由倫敦的總公司去交涉,再統一刊出或放在報社網站上。

線上新聞是我最感興趣的部份了。Daily Echo目前所使用的系統 (Martini 5) 是從2006年六月開始啟用,估計今年六月再升級為 Martini 6。屆時整個網站會有大幅改變 (看起來很像 the Guardian),更加善用網頁右方空白處,字體圖片都會放大,影音內容也可以跟新聞並列於首頁,讓網友可以在首頁就看到比以前更多的重要內容。

目前及未來的網站基本架構都是由母公司統一管理,各地區報社調整網頁外觀的權力非常有限,所以你會發現 the Oxford Timesthe ArgusDaily Echo 等十七家報社網站看起來都很像。這麼做有許多原因,其一便於管理,其二標榜集團特色,其三也是很實際的考量就是便於下廣告。之前提過倫敦總公司跟廣告主談妥後,就會按條件在各個適合的通路 (即報社網站) 上統一廣告。所以可以說母公司把骨架做出來,各地報社把血、肉放進去。血指的是各則新聞內容,肉就是各項標籤類別。例如目前 Daily Echo 網頁左方由上往下有 Home、News、Sport、Jobs、Homs、Cars、Events、Travel, homes, crime, health, schools info、Click2Find Services and Restaurants等等標籤類別,其中 Travel, homes, crime, health, schools info、Click2Find Services and Restaurants 兩個類別並非每個旗下報社都有。每個報社可以依各地方特色自行決定要增減什麼樣的類別,例如 the Oxford Times 首頁左方就有 Oxford United 但是 Daily Echo 就沒有把當地足球隊 (Cherries) 獨立出來,而是跟其他運動一起放到 Sport 底下。各類別標籤建好後,相關內容才依時間放進去。

「依時間」三字很有意思。眼尖的讀者/網友如果仔細比較 Daily Echo 報紙跟網路新聞會發現同一則新聞發佈時間有相當的間隔。這原本就沒什麼稀奇的,不過有趣的是什麼版的什麼新聞在什麼樣的時間發佈,這就耐人尋味了。

舉例來說,標題為 Getting shirty about ties? 的社論 (p. 19) 在2008年五月八日星期四晚上七點就先發佈到網站上,隔天你買報紙會看到一模一樣的內容。以下是我比較過網站跟報紙內容所做的簡表:

類別 Feature
標題 Walking on the moon
online 19:00 Thursday 8th May 2008
paper Friday 9th May 2008 (p. 24)
標題 The burning question
online 16:00 Thursday 8th May 2008
paper Friday 9th May 2008 (p. 6)

類別 News
online 19:00 Thursday 8th May 2008 (標題 Stay away from landslip)
paper Friday 9th May 2008 (標題 Landslide warning, p. 5)
標題 'Let's get some pride in town!' say Poole Men
online 6:21 Friday 9th May 2008
paper Friday 9th May 2008 (p. 3)
標題 Plea to taxi sex attack victims
online 6:07 Friday 9th May 2008
paper Friday 9th May 2008 (p. 1)


從這個表應該看得出來越靠近頭版的新聞,網路發佈的時間越晚,這當然是有商業利益考量,後來我詢問負責發佈網路新聞的同事果然印證這個假設。每天有四個定期發佈的時間:7:00、13:00、16:00、19:00。假設今天為星期二,那麼 7:00 發佈的新聞就是今天報紙上的第一、三、五版的頭條新聞 (leading stories)。而其他版的其他新聞則提前在星期一的 13:00、16:00、19:00發佈。換句話說,越重要的新聞和獨家新聞 (scoops) 就會傾向留到當日(星期二) 7:00才發佈,其他次要新聞則是前一天 (星期一) 13:00、16:00、19:00 就發佈。

不過這也不是鐵律,如果新聞屬性是突發新聞 (breaking news),就不會管那四個時間點了,一有什麼資訊就馬上在網站上發佈,以善用網路即時、跨時空的特性。

另外 Daily Echo 也善用網站和報紙兩種媒介交叉宣傳。例如網站上針對某一議題開設了投票區,報紙上就會在相關新聞處附上網址。如果報紙上刊載有某個社區活動或提供折價券,網站上就會打廣告以增加買報的人數。

另外增加與讀者互動的方式還包括在報紙民意論壇 (Have Your Say) 處增加網路意見 (What You’re Saying Online)。每天針對不同議題從 Daily Echo 自己的網站上挑出網友的正反意見,刊登在報紙上。不僅讓網友/讀者感到自己的意見受到重視,增加媒體與受眾互動,還可以從中蒐集關心該議題的受訪者資料,以作為後續報導之用。

就 Daily Echo 的報紙而言,讀者年齡層約40~60歲。就其網路新聞而言,變因很多,極其複雜,例如上網能力、新聞內容、上網時間、個人興趣等等。一般認為英國年輕世代較熟悉上網,但大部分對嚴肅新聞沒有興趣,所以他們上網常看的新聞多為體育新聞 (特別是足球,而且跟當地足球隊相關的話人數會更多)。但是我們發現一位七十歲的老先生,幾乎每天都會上網留言評論時事,一反我們對老一輩上網能力的印象。另外如果當地發生天災或影響老老少少的任何重大事件,該則新聞的點閱率也會暴增。所以說網路新聞已經有分眾傳播的現象,必須配合新聞內容做質化、量化的交叉研究,或許才能了解閱聽人真正的組成情況。

Wednesday, April 23, 2008

宏觀報導: Oxford Folk Festival

提到牛津, 你會想到什麼?

很多古老美麗的學院, 歷久不衰的學術聲望, 以及和劍橋大學的划船比賽.

其實除了這些之外, 還有很多好玩的活動與節慶, 我在 BBC Radio Oxford 實習的這兩個星期正好碰上牛津民俗音樂舞蹈節 (Oxford Folk Festival), 於是就利用工作之餘好好地採訪一下.

在這裡我就不多說, 有興趣的讀者可以直接上宏觀電視網站收看, 標題為 "英國英國 牛津民俗音樂舞蹈節". (因為網站更新的緣故, 如果您在網頁右下角"新聞選單"處找不到該報導, 請依下列步驟觀看:

1. 網頁左下角 "僑社新聞網" 按鈕選單處按下 "地區"; "地區" 的下拉式選單處選 "歐洲" --> 中間選 "英國" --> 右邊再選一次 "英國".

2. "日期"處兩邊都設定為 2008-04-26. 右下方 "查詢" 處按一下, 該報導會在右方"新聞選單"處出現. 即使你聽到 "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again" 也沒有關係.

3. 在"英國英國 牛津民俗音樂舞蹈節"標題連結處點一下.

4. 在左方的播放視窗處按下該三角形按鈕, 即可收看.




我在替宏觀電視採訪的時候巧遇 BBC Radio Oxford 的同事. 這麼盛大的慶典很難不吸引媒體採訪. 他的報導觀點也很有意思.




在牛津不愁沒有文藝新聞, 活動多到你數不完. 而 BBC Radio Oxford 也因為牛津大學的專家學者成為許多其他地方電台的中繼站. 怎麼說呢? 例如 BBC Highlands and Islands 電台需要訪問專家意見時, 他們可以請牛津大學的教授直接到 BBC Radio Oxford 的錄音室現場連線, 而省去舟車勞頓之苦. 也因此 BBC Radio Oxford 特闢一個錄音室, 成為專家學者雲集之地, 使用頻率之高, 可與倫敦的 BBC 總部相比.



兩星期的實習很快地結束了, 很高興 BBC Radio Oxford 在我離開的第三天 (4/18) 播出我採訪的一則完整報導. 我從一個牛津街頭的無家老人談起, 探討他面臨的困境, 訪問其他民眾, 點出牛津房市的問題. 礙於工作契約的關係, 我不便在此附上音檔.


牛津, 後會有期!

Saturday, April 12, 2008

BBC Radio Oxford 2

去年 (2007) 七月牛津郡的 Abingdon 跟 Wantage 鬧水災, 而最新的一項調查顯示 95% 的受災戶在慘痛的經驗後沒有採取任何防災措施. 於是四月九日早上六點半我跟著 BBC 記者 Kate Bee 去訪問兩戶人家, 為七點開始的新聞談話節目做準備. 一戶 (在 Abingdon) 花了幾千英鎊來裝置防洪設施 (flood defences), 而另一戶 (在 Wantage) 則是因為防洪設施的估價太貴而不裝.



View Larger Map

一般而言, 用 radio car 現場連線時都會升起傳送杆 (mast), 但是在 Wantage 的那戶人家外面太靠近電線杆了, 所以 Kate 才採用 Comrex 的裝置. 到了 Abingdon 的那一戶, Kate 就升起高高的傳送杆, 配合先前介紹過的 FlashMic 來採訪.


BBC radio car

Kate 會事先把要問的問題逐字打出來, 連線前跟受訪者溝通大概會問什麼問題, 確定姓名的發音正確. 而受訪者也很謹慎, 他說 Kate 可以問花了多少錢來裝防洪設施, 但他會模糊帶過避免不必要的麻煩.

訪問的過程從廚房移動到戶外的庭院, Kate 一邊走一邊描述她所看到的裝置, 其實就是防水的活動式塑膠板, 可以鑲在門外特別訂做的兩邊夾層, 像堆積木一樣一塊一塊地把板子疊起來. 板子周圍經過特殊處理, 所以疊起來後真的是"滴水不漏".

從我們出發到現場連線過程中, 錄音室必須不斷跟 Kate 保持聯絡, 詢問是否到達定點, 是否要開始連線. 由於 Wantage 跟 Abingdon 有一段距離, 所以節目就分成兩個不同時段連線, 以讓我們能夠趕到下一戶人家. 節目中間每二十分鐘穿插新聞, 路況及跟當天新聞相關的其他話題. 我們抵達之後回報錄音室, 主播就要準備再度現場連線.

之前提過我採訪了很多 vox pops, 都是提前一天或三天 (週五時) 採訪, 剪接好於隔天早上的新聞談話節目 Breakfast Show 中播出. 如果我採訪的 vox pops 剛好是很重要的議題或是當天晨間的頭條新聞, 主播就會在每二十分鐘的新聞中再播放一次. 換句話說, 相同的 vox pops 可能會在不同時段重複播出, 但每次稿頭 (cue) 都會稍作修改.

Thursday, April 10, 2008

宏觀報導: Oxford Literary Festival

牛津文藝節已經邁入第十二個年頭了. 今年就在哈利波特電影拍攝處 Christ Church College 舉行, 牛津市中心還有很多其他導覽活動, 各具特色. 例如參觀 Bodleian Library 以及在 Radcliffe Square 地底下的藏書室 (Radcliffe Square 北方的 Radcliffe Camera 是 Bodleian Library 的一部份, 兩棟建築物間有地道相通, 深達三層樓, 以將地底的藏書運到 Bodleian Library). 這個圖書館特別之處是每年所有的出版品都要送到這裡, 英國類似這樣的法定送存 (legal deposit) 圖書館還有五個, 分別在倫敦, 劍橋, 蘇格蘭, 都柏林和威爾斯.


Radcliffe Camera



雖說是文藝節, 而且規模沒有台北國際書展大, 但還是免不了有濃濃的商業氣息. 全部的書都是由百年歷史的 Blackwell Publishing 經銷, 種類包羅萬象, 應有盡有. 訪客年齡層多半為中老年人, 正是活到老學到老的寫照.


Christ Church College and the marquee



玲瑯滿目的書



當天工作人員非常"謹慎", 看到我帶著三腳架和攝影機頻頻詢問. 我說宏觀電視是公廣集團的成員, 其中的公視就如同英國的 BBC, 他們這才放行讓我採訪, 還特別幫我找來了牛津文藝節策劃總監 Angela Prysor-Jones 及 First Pass Under Heaven 的作者 Nathan Gray. 他的書在博客來外文館有賣, 目前正在洽談中譯本.


對牛津文藝節報導有興趣的讀者可以直接上宏觀電視網站收看, 標題為 "英國英國 牛津文藝節". (因為網站更新的緣故, 如果您在網頁右下角"新聞選單"處找不到該報導, 請依下列步驟觀看:

1. 網頁左下角 "僑社新聞網" 按鈕選單處按下 "地區"; "地區" 的下拉式選單處選 "歐洲" --> 中間選 "英國" --> 右邊再選一次 "英國".

2. "日期"處兩邊都設定為 2008-04-12. 右下方 "查詢" 處按一下, 該報導會在右方"新聞選單"處出現. 即使你聽到 "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again" 也沒有關係.

3. 在"英國英國 牛津文藝節"標題連結處點一下.

4. 在左方的播放視窗處按下該三角形按鈕, 即可收看.


順帶一提, 採訪當天天氣晴朗, 陽光普照. 下面這張照片是我出發前在朋友家庭院拍的.




隔天早上起來竟是雪白一片. 英國天氣變化之快, 令人驚訝.

同一拍攝地點

Sunday, April 06, 2008

BBC Radio Oxford 1

BBC Radio Oxford 位在離牛津市中心不遠的 Banbury Road 上, 而且剛好我這兩週借住的朋友家離 BBC 只有兩站, 所以每天上班或出去採訪都很方便.

進入 BBC 都要配戴證件, 每層樓都有密碼鎖, 門禁相當森嚴. 我第一天報到時就要記下許多密碼, 包括他們使用的剪接軟體 Radio Man 以及登入電腦時的密碼.



這是 BBC Radio Oxford 的新聞室, 你可以看到牆上斗大的 radio: television: online 三字, 正是 BBC 轉型中的寫照. BBC Radio Oxford 率先全英國各個 BBC 地方電台, 開始訓練記者運用多媒體整合新聞. 我很幸運能在實習的這段期間見證他們轉型的籌備階段. 簡單的說, BBC 意識到科技匯流對傳播媒體帶來的衝擊, 許多英國的電視台, 報社, 廣播電台也都朝著多媒體整合的方向前進. 未來的新聞從業人員不再能只在單一媒介的平台上工作, 他必須要能熟悉電視新聞, 平面新聞, 廣播新聞的產製方式和流程, 在統一的平台上將新聞內容整合 (converge) 在一起, 以發揮多媒體新聞的綜效 (synergy). Bournemouth University (BU) 的老師學長姐都說從我們這個學程 (Multimedia Journalism) 畢業的就業率百分百. 我在這裡就遇到一個校友, 他是這裡的播報員, 也在其他許多電台, 電視台工作過. 有他做為榜樣, 也替我打了一劑強心針.


這是 BBC 所使用的 FlashMic, 操作簡單, 使用方便, 錄音時直接存在內建的硬碟裡, 存取時接條 USB 線就可以直接在 Radio Man 裡編輯. 我在學校使用的聲音剪輯軟體是 Burli, 不過操作方式跟概念大同小異, 只是 Radio Man 更為簡便罷了. 今年三月份 BJTC (Broadcast Journalism Training Council) 來校評鑑, 再度給予我們學程三年的有效背書 (accreditation). 不過評審也提到業界隨著科技不斷進步, 使用的軟體會不斷更新, 但是我們不需太過擔心, 因為正式工作前都還是要先接受職前訓練, 而學校所學的軟體就算不同, 也還是會成為基礎能力.

BBC 所使用的編稿軟體是 ENPS (Electronic News Production System). 這是美聯社 (Associated Press) 所研發的一套軟體, 與 Radio Man 相容, 意思是你在 Radio Man 存好的音檔會在 ENPS 相對應的播報單 (running order) 上出現. 所以之後在 ENPS 編輯文稿的時候就不怕找不到相關的音檔了. BU 的多媒體新聞學大學及碩士學程之所以得到 BJTC 的肯定, 其中一個很重要的原因是所用的設備跟軟體夠先進, 跟業界不會相差太遠, ENPS 即為一例.



是的, 你沒有看錯. 照片裡的時鐘顯示晚上八點. 我竟然還在 BBC 大樓裡. 我的一位資深同事就說我們三小時前早該離開了, 叫我要仔細思考是否要踏進這行...他是有家室的人, 所以他的原則是能不超時工作就絕對不要. 這在 BBC 是有可能做到的. 不像在其他的商業電台, 大家都比賽誰晚回家, 表現給主管看. BBC 主管不看這個, 質勝於量.

我第一天 (四月一日) 報到就被派去採訪隔天早餐新聞 (Breakfast Show) 要用的訪談. 這個字在英文裡其實區分的更為清楚, 我所錄製的是 vox pop (源自拉丁文 vox populi, 意為"輿論"), 而非專訪 (interview). 不過可別小看 vox pop, 要在街上找到合適的採訪對象可是一門學問, 而找到合適的對象後還得說服他接受採訪更是困難 (這點電視比廣播更難). 由於四月二日英國皇家鑄幣局 (Royal Mint) 即將宣佈新版 50 分錢背面的圖章, 取代原有的不列顛女神像 (Britannia), 我的任務就是先去問問大家對這事的看法, 以及他們希望新版硬幣長什麼樣子.

就這樣, 我的 BBC 處女作經過剪接後於隔天 (四月二日) 早上 Breakfast Show 傳送到牛津郡 (Oxfordshire) 的家家戶戶. 打開收音機就聽到自己的作品感覺真奇妙. 雖然只是短短幾分鐘, 而且播報員沒有唸出我的名字, 但是這種肯定跟成就感只有我自己能夠體會的.

另外值得一提的是, 我第一天就被主管耍了. 怎麼說呢? 愚人節囉. 他叫我讀一篇體育新聞, 內容是說某個球隊請球迷不要再穿黃色的衣服到球場加油, 因為那個顏色容易讓球員分心. 主管問這篇報導有何奇怪之處, 我實在看不出來, 因為讀起來正經八百, 還特別訪問球隊發言人咧. 主管說那篇報導是假新聞, 還說這是英國報社的傳統. 他們會在四月一日放一則無關緊要的假新聞 (當然不特別註明囉) 被讀者發現就算了, 沒發現你就被愚弄啦.

第二天 (四月二日) 我所做的 vox pop 更妙了. 新聞室收到一則消息說英國皇家海軍陸戰隊 (Royal Marines) 的大廚教小朋友用 Bounty Bars (一種巧克力棒) 煮咖哩. 我的任務是去問牛津飯店餐館裡的大廚有沒有聽過這種食譜, 怎麼作等等. 就這樣, 我帶著 BBC 的 FlashMic 走進牛津有名的 Randolph Hotel, 受到極大的禮遇. 這種感覺跟當口譯員有點像, 因為身分特殊而得以接近權力中心或享有某些特權, 不過我深知這種虛榮感不值得戀棧, 也不是當記者或口譯員的目的.

第四天 (四月四日) 採訪的內容是關於金髮女 (blondes) 跟深褐髮女 (brunettes). 根據一個線上交友網站 LOVE@LYCOS 的調查, 全球一百個億萬富翁中, 62% 的受訪者的妻子是 brunettes, 而只有 22% 的是 blondes. 這跟我們一般想像的不一樣, 以為金髮女郎比較吸引男性. 所以我就去問男女受訪者對這項發現的感想, 他們都覺得很訝異. 不過有人提出解釋, 也許是人們對金髮女郎的刻版印象就是漂亮但是沒有大腦, 所以當女朋友好, 但是當老婆要選褐髮女. 也有人說這是西方人的審美標準, 東方人也許不同. 女性受訪者則表示她們不會因為這項調查而刻意去把頭髮染成深褐色去吸引億萬富翁. 也有人很有自信地說, 不管她頭髮顏色怎麼樣都可以吸引男性. 還有個老兄對這個議題很有感想 (或許他很有經驗), 說 blondes 如春天而 brunettes 如四季. blondes 是短暫的, brunettes 是一輩子的. 我想只有情場高手能體會箇中奧祕吧!

第八天 (四月八日) 主管安排我到線上部門 (online team) 實習. BBC Radio Oxford 及英國南區各地方電台的網路新聞都是由位在 Southampton 的單位負責. 所以目前各電台都必須將新聞資料傳送到 Southampton, 再由他們統一發佈你在網路上所讀到 BBC 新聞. 而各地方電台還是自行負責其廣播新聞 (包含 TV 及 radio news, 其實英文 broadcasting 原本就包含 TV 跟 radio, 但是中文的"廣播"一詞似乎只指 radio). 不過我先前提過, BBC Radio Oxford 是各 BBC 地方電台中首先進行多媒體整合革命性實驗的單位, 明年可望將線上新聞部門移師到 BBC Radio Oxford, 讓新聞室成為真正的多媒體整合中心, 每個記者至少都要能負責 TV, radio, online news 其中兩項. 我的第一則 BBC 網路新聞是關於牛津音樂節 (Oxford Folk Festival), 於四月八日下午一點五十三分發佈. 這星期五六日有許多活動, 之後該網頁內容就會更豐富.

在牛津有很多好玩的活動 (我利用上週末去替台灣宏觀電視採訪牛津文藝節 Oxford Literary Festival, 將於下一篇介紹), 有許多專家學者可以訪問, 這對記者來說是很重要的. 也許就如同口譯員一樣, 記者什麼都要懂一點, 但是又很難成為某個領域的專家 (除非你原本就有其他專長), 遇到問題時要知道找誰可以給你可靠的答覆將會很有幫助. 記者除了專業技術和職業道德外就是人脈多, 這點跟口譯員很像. 不過跟口譯員不同的是記者見識到的人可是三教九流都有, 這種情況也許只有法庭口譯員才會遇到吧.

我在 BU 上了兩個學期的英國媒體法規, 深刻體會到在英國當記者是多麼不容易的事! 由於英國有陪審團制度, 在報導犯罪或法庭新聞時衍生出來許多相關的限制, 這點跟採用成文法體系的國家大不相同. 例如根據英國 1981年藐視法庭法第二條 (sec 2 Contempt of Court Act 1981), 一但案件進入司法程序 (when proceedings are active), 報導就要避免對司法正義造成實質且嚴重的影響 (substantial risk of serious prejudice). 否則就有嚴格責任 (strict liability), 意思就是檢察官無需證明你是否意圖藐視法庭, 可逕自將你起訴. 在英國藐視法庭是刑事犯罪, 不可等閒視之, 情節嚴重者可處之罰金無上限, 牢刑則可高達兩年.

就法系而言, 雖然一般認為英美兩國都是採用共同法 (common law), 但兩國在新聞報導限制上確有極大的不同. 美國憲法第一修正案 (First Amendment) 將新聞自由 (Freedom of the Press) 列入憲法中. 就算案件已進入司法程序, 記者還是可以在法庭外採訪相關當事人 (美國電影很多這種情節); 但是英國由於上述的藐視法庭法, 一但進入司法程序, 記者就不得採訪相關當事人, 以避免影響陪審團.

另外英美兩國很大的不同就是在英國要告誹謗比在美國容易. 所以很多英國八卦報, 小報, 連知名大報都曾經因為英國嚴格的誹謗法而損失不少銀子. 有些小報就因為賠不起而倒閉.

總而言之, 因為英國特殊的法規限制, 使得我不得不佩服資深的法庭記者及主編, 他們有時候必須為了新聞自由及公眾利益, 游走法律邊緣. 但也因為對某些不合理法制的衝撞, 而成為捍衛新聞自由一件又一件的先例 (precedent).

Monday, March 24, 2008

宏觀報導: 移民英國認證語言障礙多

我之前採訪的僑社新聞現在在宏觀電視的網站上,標題為 "英國伯恩茅斯 移民英國認證語言障礙多". (因為網站更新的緣故, 如果您在網頁右下角"新聞選單"處找不到該報導, 請依下列步驟觀看:

1. 網頁左下角 "僑社新聞網" 按鈕選單處按下 "地區"; "地區" 的下拉式選單處選 "歐洲" --> 中間選 "英國" --> 右邊選 "伯恩茅斯".

2. "日期"處兩邊都設定為 2008-03-23. 右下方 "查詢" 處按一下, 該報導會在右方"新聞選單"處出現. 即使你聽到 "We do not understand the link you have requested. Please check the link and try again" 也沒有關係.

3. 在"英國伯恩茅斯 移民英國認證語言障礙多"標題連結處點一下.

4. 在左方的播放視窗處按下該三角形按鈕, 即可收看.




Friday, February 08, 2008

Cooking to Refit School Kitchen

Tony Jian, 11 Feb 2008

Schools in Bournemouth are looking for ways to introduce government's plan of compulsory cooking lessons, which critics say is too expensive. Tony Jian goes to Winton to check out a possible solution.

Friday, January 11, 2008

Are free English lessons practical to immigrants?

Tony Jian, 10 Jan 2008

British government has proposed to continue offering free English lessons to immigrants but do they really find them practical in helping them to integrate? According to a report by Commission on Integration and Cohesion, barriers include lack of knowledge of their rights and responsibilities, non-recognition of qualifications and many more. Tony Jian has the story.

Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Profile of a Spanish-English Interpreter

Tony Jian, 11 Dec 2007

Warning: The names and some places in the profile have been changed to garantee anonymity and to protect "Ken's" working rights.

Seeing in the Dark

He is definitely a man with perseverance. In the eyes of his friend, Christina Yamamoto, "He is very confident. He is a sort of a motivator. Not arrogant but very confident. Now I still see a very confident man despite everything."

"Me llamo Ken y soy el intérprete de español. ¿Cómo puedo ayudarle? Hello, my name is Ken. I am the Spanish (or French) interpreter. How can I help you?…"

A cheerful ring from another client breaks in on his landline. Too bad he can't perform an interpreting duo. In the end, the preluding ring diminishes into an ornament that embellishes the melody of the Spanish and English solo by Ken López Hodder.

"Sometimes you get a lot. Sometimes you don't get anything for ages." He gives a jocular yet truthful comment on the frequency of interpreting job assignments after finishing the conference call. He reaches out his hands to the keyboard as if ready to play a sonata and out comes a collage of sounds from a screen reader on his computer. A black Labrador at Ken's feet pricks up its ears, stretches and nuzzles with its head between his legs.

"His name is Paka. It means 'goodbye' in Russian," Ken explains while stroking its sleek fur. This smart companion has been a life support for Ken for more than a year and has always brought great attention to him wherever they go.

Ken was born prematurely in Spain in 1981 and has undergone 14 operations since he came to this world. His twin died shortly afterwards. He lived on but was left with hydrocephalus. As a result, his doctor put a shunt in his head and a catheter that went all the way down to evacuate the fluids in his meninges. During the last operation in 2001, the doctor saw the catheter was not working. They didn't know how he was still alive. They took the catheter out but left the shunt in, which got infected in the theatre. The infection caused abscess in his brain and filled his head with pus. Consequently, the increased intracranial pressure squashed his optic nerve.

This tragedy hit hard on his family and forced Ken to stop his study of translation and interpreting in French and Spanish in YYY University, Spain.

"Ken cried with my wife, Rachel, and thought everything had finished and he couldn't get married. He asked many distressing questions," Juan López Marcos, Ken's father recalls.

"Before (blindness) I used to be very secure. And all of a sudden, every step forward was a potential collision. So the sense of security went totally," Ken confesses but says he has regained confidence because of the love of his parents and God.

Juan remembers one day he thought of St. Paul asking for help three times from the Lord. In the end, the Lord said to him, "My grace is sufficient for you for my power is made perfect in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:9) Paul understood this and relied on the Lord.

"The next day when I went to see Ken in the hospital, before saying anything to him, I saw a get well card from a friend quoting the same verse. So I thought, 'Thank you, Lord. This is what you want me to tell Ken to encourage him,'" Juan says.

Before Ken was discharged from the hospital after he'd recovered from a coma, his parents contacted the RNIB (Royal National Institute of the Blind), which sent Malvin Kitzerson, a social worker who is also blind, to teach him the basics.

"It was a hard process but as well a funny one," Ken comments.

"The first time when I was doing my mobility with my cane outdoors, a pedestrian saw me and we started talking. In the end, she told me she had a dog. I had only been blind for a couple of weeks. I thought I would be able to feel more now that I was blind. So I asked the pedestrian if I could stroke the dog. I wanted to see if it felt different. She said by all means. So I knelt down and stroked the dog. And I asked her, "What is it?" thinking she would say a Labrador, an Alsatian, etc. All of a sudden, my mobility instructor, from 20 metres behind me, shouted, "Ken! That's the lady's leg." I blushed. I must say in my defence I had gloves and it was winter. I couldn't tell the difference."

He practiced Braille four hours everyday and was able to "read" again in six and half months.

"Call a spade a spade! Political correctness is silly. There's no way you can change it. To avoid using the word 'see' is just highlighting the fact I can't see. I'm not worried about it why should you?"

His friend and neighbour Christina Yamamoto admits she also struggled a bit over the "right verb" in the beginning. "He often invites friends over. He might say, 'Come around and watch a DVD.' I thought that's no fun for you. Why would you want them to watch a DVD when you can't profit from watching it properly. I suppose he wants to, despite his blindness, lead as normal life as possible. He doesn't want his blindness to be a stumbling block for other people. Not to make an inhibition for him to have friends."

In fact, Ken has many of them from around the world. On the way up stairs to his room, there is a piece of paper on the wall with the sentence "Jesus loves you" in many different languages written by his international friends.

He likes to collect multilingual phrases such as "Happy Birthday", "Jesus Loves You" and the most recent one---"Merry Christmas".

His linguistic talent and amiable smile have made it easy for him to make friends. He can say "Hello" in 31 languages including Mandarin Chinese, German, Dutch, Greek, Turkish, Russian, Farsi, Yiddish, Swahili, Hindi, etc. Whenever he meets friends from a certain country, he can always greet them in their own language.

Thanks to blindness, "I no longer see the differences in people. I like not being able to judge a book by its cover. Now for me everybody looks exactly the same. I love that. I feel free," Ken reveals.

Having learned basic survival skills one year after the tragedy, Ken decided to go back to university. "But in Spain they didn't have the means for me to continue. So we decided to move to England."

He was accepted by the University of XXX and was the first blind student the school had ever had. Because the school was quite accommodating and Ken liked interpreting so much that he did an MA in Translation and Interpreting at the same university for two more years while studying the Diploma in Public Service Interpreting (DPSI) in the legal and medical options simultaneously.

The MA programme focused a lot more on conference interpreting, which also led to an intern opportunity at the UN in Vienna.

"I've always wanted to be an interpreter since I was a kid. The difficulty of my Spanish family not being able to communicate with my English family has prompted me to choose this career."

You would probably think with his linguistic talent and strong motivation he must have gotten his first job fairly easily. Not if the client has prejudice against blind people. Ken had been jobless for six months after graduation until he decided not to disclose sightlessness in his CV.

"Everything is ready but as soon as they learn I am blind, they go, 'Oh! That's fine. We'll call you later.'"

"Of course, they never do."

"I have lost my sight but not my brains."

Despite all the hardship, Ken didn't give up. He started out by offering telephone interpreting services and worked as a translator on the side. Now he has clients from the UK, the US, Spain, and countries in Latin America. He has done several conference interpreting sessions in south England and will be making his interpreting debut in a west African country in February next year.

"I'm looking forward to it," Ken gives a chuckle. The client in queue rings again. He turns his back, picks up the phone and interprets his Spanish and English solo with a sanguine tone: "Me llamo Ken y soy el intérprete de español. ¿Cómo puedo ayudarle? Hello, my name is Ken. I am the Spanish (or French) interpreter. How can I help you?…"

Monday, November 19, 2007

Hail in Bournemouth Out of the Blue

Tony Jian, Bournemouth
19 Nov 2007
Hail the size of pearls fell suddenly in Bournemouth around 10.00 this morning. Some people were caught without umbrellas and waited inside buildings for more than 30 minutes.

The hail, first since October, lasted for around an hour and was followed by showers. Even some attempted to walk in the hail with umbrellas got their shoes wet inside out.

The weather turned cloudy at noon.
(article, pictures by Tony Jian)

Saturday, November 17, 2007

"Pier Pressure" Premiere at Bournemouth International Centre

"Pier Pressure" Premiere: 3 Nov 2007
News Video, Editing by Tony Jian
Interview by Kyriaki Karadelis


Church Launches "Money Matters" Course

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 24 Oct 2007

A Free "Money Matters" course is starting at Lansdowne Baptist Church next week.

It runs for six weeks and addresses issues such as debt control and money management. "Debt is a serious problem. Lots of people are very much in debt. The church can not help people get out of debt but can teach them not to get into debt," says churchgoer Sam Whitelaw.

This is the first ever course of this type the church has launched since its establishment in 1876.

Lansdowne Baptist Church is a daughter church from Boscombe Baptist Church. It was set up by 40 Baptists who wanted to spread the gospel to people of Bournemouth, a smaller town than Boscombe at the time.

The church became independent and had its own pastor eight years later. It started with only 20 members in the beginning but the church was later full of faithful followers after Pastor Francis Dixon initiated a series of Bible classes in 1945.

"The first thing he did was to start a Bible school. We had meetings in this church every Tuesday night," remembers Mr Whitelaw, 87, who was 25 at the time.

Dixon was famous for the classes and the sermon notes he prepared. "He taught the Bible and people came to listen," states Mr Whitelaw, "Because the notes were very organized, they were then spread out throughout the world."

By the time Pastor Harvy Kilbride took the position in 1970, the church had been very successful. Hundreds of people, in particular, young people crowded into the church.

The Hub (picture above), a building right next to the church, was purchased during the term of Pastor Michael Buss in 1980s. It is a venue for socialising activities such as "the Mustard Seed Coffee Bar" for international students on Friday evenings.

"The asking price was £80,000 and the congregation contributed £104,000 so that allowed us to do lots of work," Mr Whitelaw explains.

Pastor Christ Kelly took up his post in 2002 and continued ever since. The church has just celebrated its 130th anniversary last year and also keeps up with the times by offering practical courses such as "Money Matters", which is not limited to Christians.

(article and pictures by Tony Jian)

Friends International Rolls Out "Visa Course"

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 21 Oct 2007

A ten week free course for international students is being held by Friends International at town centre every Tuesday evening.

The course offers not only an opportunity for international students to practice English and meet new friends but also an entrance into Christian faith, hence the name visa course.

“We usually have many students from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China and some from South America and Europe”, says international student worker at Friends International Sue Burt.

Julie Lee from South Korea states that she felt depressed before joining the course. “I worked for a company. I had a successful life but I felt helpless and empty.” Ms Lee attended the course in the autumn last year and seven months later she was baptised.

Visa course is only one out of many English learning activities that Friends International launches. Others include Wordsearch, A Meal at Richmond Park, The Mustard Seed Coffee Bar, Compass, iMeet, Wellspring Café, and Friday Evenings at West Cliff, just to name a few.

Friends International is a Christian organization that works with many churches across the UK to welcome international students. It aims to "help students of all faiths, or none, during their stay in the UK" and facilitate cultural exchanges.

The local origins can be traced back to summers in 1960s when there were many language schools in Bournemouth. Local churches found language students had no where to go so they decided to "welcome them, shelter them with hospitality and also give them an opportunity to find out about Christianity," explains Ms Burt.

The churches then cooperated with Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship (UCCF) but no formal organisation was formed to coordinate the issues about international students as yet.

In mid 1980s, the precursor of Friends International, International Student Christian Services (ISCS), was established and continued to work with UCCF, the former responsible for international student affairs while the latter mainly that of British Christian students.

"To reflect the nature of our work and for the ease of memory, ISCS was renamed Friends International in 2002," Ms Burt explains.

Friends International borrows the Hub (see picture below) from Lansdowne Baptist Church as the venue for some of its activities, the visa course being an example.


The course starts at the Hub, 7 Lansdowne Rd. Bournemouth, from 7:45pm to 9:45pm every Tuesday.

(article and picture by Tony Jian)

Russell-Cotes Museum Showcases Victorian drawings

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 18 Oct 2007

Victorian drawings by Frederic Lord Leighton have just been showcased on October 16 in Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, one of the last Victorian buildings ever built in Bournemouth.

Russell-Cotes museum exhibits in six sections the works of Leighton, the President of Royal Academy for almost two decades, from the drawings he made as a student to the final works in his life.

The museum has also collaborated with Text + Work, the gallery at the Arts Institute at Bournemouth to create Meeting Place, a contemporary artwork exhibition inspired by the time, space, and displays inside the museum.

Peter Harvey is a member of staff at the service counter and has been working in the museum for 15 years. "We try to bring in different types of art as much as we can," says Mr Harvey. "The museum is like a book needs to be written."

The museum has invited many local artists, Abi Kremer for example, to display their works. It is a Grade 2 listed building steeped in history and yet full of energy and dynamics, made lively by the dialogue between contemporary artists with a wide repertoire of collections, from Japanese, Chinese, Indian, Tibetan, to Middle East, just to name a few.

"It is a cosmopolitan place," Mr Harvey comments.

It is also a "meeting place" where East meets West, and modernity juxtaposes with antiquity. It is a venue where artists can unleash their creativity, the public can engage in an intellectual discourse and children can have fun.

"Once I saw a kid forced in the door by his parents but ended up holding to the door without wanting to leave," reminisces Mr Harvey.

One of the museum's missions is to "increase audience for the arts and participation in arts activities, with particular reference to young people" and to "make arts activities accessible to everyone."

To accomplish the above mission, the museum has launched a series of activities for all age groups. Contact Marion Cavanagh Learning Officer for further information.

(article and picture by Tony Jian)

Google Web Definitions (by Jorge Sierra)