Tuesday, December 25, 2007

倫敦媒體參訪 3 OneWorld

2007 年十二月六日

這次參訪 OneWorld 正好碰上聯合國於峇里島舉行的氣候變遷大會, 怎麼說呢? 我們目睹了OneWorld 工作人員運用第二人生 (Second Life) 軟體和世界各地的公民一同參與虛擬記者會. "虛擬"或許不太精確, 因為這場會議的確在峇里島進行, 只不過是透過虛擬的環境讓大家都有機會同步參與.

面對鏡頭的那位女士是世界自然基金會印度分會 (WWF India) 的能源氣候政策協調人 Ms Shruti Shukla, 右方訪問她的那位男士是 OneWorld 的線上編輯 Daniel Nelson. 鏡頭外還有兩個工作人員: 一個在攝影的同時, 另一個在 Second Life 裡面負責蒐集整理來自世界各地與會者的問題, 再交由 Mr Nelson 提問.

那螢幕上其他的路人甲, 路人乙是誰呢? 他們就是那些世界各地的與會者, 用化身 (Avatar) 代替他們在虛擬世界中出席這個記者會. 這時候, 位在倫敦的 OneWorld 工作人員也問我們有沒有什麼問題要問. 我想了一下說 What would developed countries do if they fail to meet the objectives in Kyoto Protocol by 2012? 只見我身旁的小姐趕緊敲鍵盤, 一指按下, 我的問題隨即由她的化身送到幾千公里外的現場.

驚嘆這項科技帶來便利的同時, 我腦中浮現一種超現實後現代拼貼的圖像. 看著眼前的電腦螢幕, 演員 (我們的化身) 與觀眾 (控制化身的我們) 之間的界限模糊了, 我們要透過虛擬世界的化身來完成現實生活中不容易做到的事 (飛到幾千公里外開會). 真真假假, 假假真真, 虛實界限解構, 距離感消失, 分不清主體為何.

如果這還太抽象, 就想像你自己拿著照相機面對鏡子自拍. 鏡子裡的你/他也拿著照相機拍你/他自己, 那到底是你拍他, 他拍你, 你拍你, 還是他拍他呢? 細心的讀者也許已經注意到這段文字"模糊" 的敘事效果了, 你vs他界線瓦解, 所以在選用代名詞的時候, 分不清是你還是他.

想像你現在拿的不是相機, 而是鏡子, 複雜程度可見一斑. 這個小時候大家都玩的遊戲, 沒想到可以牽扯出後現代主義這麼抽象複雜的概念吧?!

幾分鐘後, 我從超現實的沉思世界中回神過來, 仍有許多疑問. 為什麼不開視訊會議就好了? 為什麼不用 Skype, MSN 等方式開會? 為什麼要大費周章用化身來代替我們提問?

另外, 就民主參與的層次來說, 也有潛在的問題. Second Life 的運作概念雖然不難, 但對於許多未開發或開發中國家的居民而言, 連買麵包都有問題, 怎麼可能有電腦, 上網, 用 Avatar 開會呢?

我得到 OneWorld 的說法, 不是挺令人滿意. 這些問題就留給各位想想吧. 有興趣的人可以寫信或留言討論.

該會議已經上網, 也可點選這裡觀看.


Monday, December 24, 2007

倫敦媒體參訪 2 Sky News

下午倫敦突然下起大雨, 雨勢之大, 宛如颱風, 連撐傘都沒有用. 我們按照預定時間在下午兩點半到位於西區 Osterley 的 Sky News 總部.

介紹的人員說現在的總部以前是個倉庫, 規模之大可想而知. 我們先從二樓往下俯瞰新聞室, 每個人都像八爪章魚一樣忙個不停, 分工也很細. 基本的採訪, 編輯團隊少不了, 另外還有國際新聞組, 網路新聞組, 研究企劃組, 運動新聞組 (這是 Sky 的強項), 還有新成立的廣播新聞組, 預計作為提供其他媒體 24 小時廣播新聞的單位.

隔一個牆, 我們來到 Channel 5 的新聞部, 這是截然不同的氣氛. 大家看起來比較悠閒, 有人喝咖啡, 有人輕聲聊天. 原來 Channel 5 採用 Sky News 的新聞, 但兩間公司的新聞取向不同, 解說人員也沒有多說, 只說是會替 Channel 5 量身訂作適合他們觀眾的新聞.

其實我本來對 Sky News 沒什麼好感, 只覺得又是一個商業化電視台, 背後老闆是媒體鉅子梅鐸 (Rupert Murdoch), 這是他媒介帝國裡一個重要的據點罷了. 不過新聞室主任說的一段話徹底改變我對 Sky News 的想法.

他說梅鐸不太干預該公司新聞的運作, 有很大的原因是英國法律規定新聞必需嚴守中立原則. 此外 Sky News 的新聞人員有很大的揮灑空間, 公司鼓勵員工勇於嘗試, 發揮創意, 有點子就可以跟長官討論實行. 所以他們創下許多英國媒體業界的"第一", 有的甚至是"世界第一". 在公司網站上, 他們宣稱是全世界第一個 (2000 年三月) 提供隨選互動新聞 (Sky News Active) 的媒體, 後來 BBC 也跟進了. 現在只要在英國用數位電視遙控器上的紅按鈕就可以使用這項服務, 非常方便. 這麼創新有趣的點子當然是在像 Sky News 這樣鼓勵創意的環境下才能激發出來的.

英國之所以做得到互動式新聞, 除了科技之外, 還有政策的配合. 自2007年十月十七日起, 英國開始一連串分區進行的數位轉型計畫(Digital Switchover), 預計將在 2013 年全國的類比電視全部升級為數位電視. 目前我所在的博恩茅斯 (Bournemouth) 屬於 Meridian 區, 將在 2011/12 年開始轉換. 不過博恩茅斯大學媒體學院當然不落人後, 早在教室裝好可以收看數位電視的 set-top box, 讓學生能搶先體驗互動新聞.

(台灣的公視從九十二年起開始「建構數位無線廣播電視共同傳輸平台計畫」, 企圖達成九十五年無線電視全面數位化之政策目標, 顯然進度落後了.)

倫敦媒體參訪 1 CMPi

十二月五日六日全班去倫敦參觀一些媒體機構, 包括 CMPi Publishing, Sky News, BBC, Guardian Unlimited, Channel Five, Oneworld, Bloomberg. 我一直很想去 BBC 和 Guardian 看看, 無奈老師早把組別分好了, 所以除了這兩個機構沒去之外, 其他地方都去參觀了. 雖然一開始得知不能去 BBC 有點失望, 但是整個過程就像連續劇一樣的精采, 也有意想不到的收穫.

五日早上六點十分要在博恩茅斯火車站搭 National Express 大巴去倫敦, 但是這麼早沒有公車可以搭, 我只好前一天晚上跑到 Poole (博恩茅斯西方一小鎮) 投靠同學, 非常克難地在沙發上窩了一晚, 再和一幫人浩浩蕩蕩地從 Poole 搭火車到博恩茅斯, 再換大巴. 要不是同學收留, 搭計程車到博恩茅斯火車站十磅跑不掉的; 用走的話我得早上四點半爬起來, 拖著行李在漆黑的人行道上走, 既累又危險.

到火車站買了張單程票 (兩磅) 到博恩茅斯, 準備上車時, 看見同學按了一下門邊的按鈕, 才知道雖然門關著, 按一下鈕就可以上車. 不然傻呼呼地等, 門還沒開車就開走了. 第一次在英國坐火車, 感覺很舒適平穩. 這不是什麼特高級的列車, 但舒適感勝過台灣的電聯車.




出站後, 我們拿出之前列印的電子來回票 (二十磅) 給大巴司機, 一行人準時出發. 這時候天空仍是烏黑一片, 通常要到七點四十分後東方才漸有曙光. 很多同學一開始嘰嘰喳喳, 隨著天色越亮, 車上也越安靜了. 約莫三小時又二十分鐘後, 我們抵達 Victoria Coach Station. 大家下了車就趕快吃早餐, 換上正式服裝, 分兩組出發.

倫敦地鐵是出了名的複雜, 事後得知另一組的英國同學走丟了. 大家買了張可以到 Zone 4 (因為下午要去 Sky News) 的一日票 (約五磅多), 就趕緊往第一站 CMPi Publishing 出發. (下圖: United Business Media 為其母公司)




負責接待的小姐帶領我們到公司的最高樓, 放眼望去, 泰晤士河對岸的景色盡收眼底. CMPi 為母公司對外聯絡的主要窗口, 提供的產品包括策展服務, 會議, 資訊, 網站, 以及許多產業的專業雜誌, 例如 Building, Travel Trade Gazette, Farmers Guardian, Property Week 等等, 可以看出其讀者群大多鎖定在專業人士, 出版品質自然有相當的要求.

這麼商業化的雜誌主要營收當然是廣告囉, 不過公司宣稱他們的出版品因為在各產業受專業人士的青睞, 具有一定的影響力, 他們仍舊可以保持中立, 不受廣告商的威脅或利誘. 畢竟廣告主還是要透過 CMPi 才能找到上層客戶. CMPi 的 "i" 字代表 information, 也說明該公司的賣點. 這讓我想起之前 Mr Duncan Campbell 說的一番話: 現在資訊氾濫, 搜尋, 篩選資訊早已成了最基本的能力. 要更近一步提升自己競爭力的話, 就要學會備份資訊, 管理資訊. 這段話乍聽之下好像某些商業雜誌的老生常談, 但仔細思索, 真正的精髓在於"管理". 隨時需要, 隨時找得到, 找到之後的資料還能很清楚有條理地呈現在眼前, 這就不是每個人都做得到了.

就翻譯來說好了, 大家一定都有類似的經驗: 某個專有名詞也許在某個網站上看過, 某本書上看到, 也許很認真的存在電腦裡或抄在自己專用的筆記本上, 但都是以不同形式儲存起來. 有的是 .doc, .txt 有的是 .html, .mht, 有的是 email. 筆記本最不方便搜尋這就不用說了. 時間久了, 資料一多, 要怎麼在龐大的眾多類型文件中找到你要的資料呢? 容我先賣個關子. 現在很多以集結眾人之力為特色的網站如 del.icio.us, HemiDemi 等就運用 tag 的方式讓大家能方便快速地找到相關的文章, 說穿了就是網摘的功能, 但仍舊只能在同一類型的文件間 (i.e.網頁) 搜尋. 而 Windows XP 以下的搜尋功能還停留在搜尋檔名跟檔案夾, 除非你各個類型的文件一個一個打開, 再一個一個搜尋, 實在沒有什麼更快的方式.

其實這個答案不是什麼新鮮事, 只是科技接受度高不高, 有沒有去嘗試而已. 現在有很多軟體可以提供上述這種個人化的桌面搜尋功能, 這意味著以後歸檔可以更輕鬆, 搜尋可以更精準. 只要配合自己經年累月蒐集的各式文件, 輔以強大的搜尋功能, 存在超大隨身碟裡, 你就可以進一步讓個人化的資料庫變成行動資料庫, 成為管理資訊的箇中翹楚.

雖然扯遠了, 不過話說回來像 CMPi 要將適合的資訊傳達給適合的客群也不是簡單的事, 這又是另一種能力了.

Friday, December 21, 2007

第五屆台俄國際事務研習營

轉載自台俄協會網站 http://www.tra.org.tw/02-news/news_01.htm

一年一度的研習營活動即將展開,此次活動與中央廣播電台攜手合作,特別增加俄語國際廣播課程、實地參訪電台、體驗國際廣播製播流程,除此之外,更邀請堅強的講師陣容,提供多元的課程內容,期藉此激發學子對未來從事台俄事務之熱忱。

時間:2008年2月14至16 日(星期四至六,三天兩夜)
地點:中華民國農訓協會天母國際會議中心(台北市中山北路七段113號)
指導單位:外交部、青輔會
主辦單位:台俄協會
協辦單位:財團法人中央廣播電台
聯絡電話:(02)2755-2991 陳小姐


台俄協會秘書處 敬啟陳韻婷秘書 Lily Chen tra.tra@msa.hinet.net
Taiwan-Russia Association
Tel:+886-2-2755-2991 Fax:+886-2-2755-2870

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2008第五屆台俄國際事務研習營
簡介

營隊時間:2007年2月14日(星期四)至2月16日(星期六)
活動地點:中華民國農訓協會天母國際會議中心 (台北市士林區中山北路七段113號)
招生對象:各大專院校及研究所在學學生
招收名額:40名
報名日期:即日起至2008年1月28日(星期一)截止,報名表請見第5頁(2008年2月1日公佈學員名單於本會網站)
活動費用:新台幣2000元整(包含三天二夜食宿、講義以及保險等費用)
指導單位:外交部、行政院青年輔導委員會
主辦單位:台俄協會
協辦單位:財團法人中央廣播電台

聯 絡 人:台俄協會陳小姐
聯絡電話:(02)2755-2991 傳真號碼:(02)2755-2870
電子信箱:tra.tra@msa.hinet.net
地 址:10653台北市仁愛路三段26號6樓之4
協會網址:http://www.tra.org.tw/

活動宗旨:
有鑒於台俄兩國的往來日益頻繁,具備良好外語能力與國際視野的青年人才,將是國家未來所急切需要的。因此,台俄協會希望藉此活動,培訓有志於台俄事務之大專青年,為台俄交流培育優秀種子人才。

此次活動與中央廣播電台攜手合作,特別增加俄語國際廣播等相關課程,期藉由實地參訪電台、體驗國際廣播製播流程,增進學員國際觀,激發青年學子對國際事務的多元思考。

除國際廣播課程以外,本研習營更提供多元的課程,進而使學員能從全方位的觀點,思考台俄關係。再者,藉由從事外交實務工作的經驗分享,激發學子對未來從事台俄事務之熱忱。

課程特色
一、講師陣容結合產、官、學之專家學者。
二、課程安排結合理論與實務面。
三、課程設計採密集方式,並以俄國為主軸,希望藉此使得參與的學員對台俄事務有全面性的觀點。

講師簡介
一、 柯渥金副代表(俄籍),以俄國官方的角度向台灣介紹俄羅斯。
二、 李瑪莎(俄籍):2001年畢業於莫斯科大學亞非學院。自2002年擔任中央廣播電台俄語節目主持人。節目內容涵蓋了台灣各方面議題:政治、文化、歷史及旅遊等。
三、 杜仰高(俄籍):於白俄羅斯出生,畢業於國立白俄羅斯大學。目前是國立政治大學東亞研究所的博士候選人。2004年進入中央廣播電台工作,製作俄語節目與專訪。對於台灣及其他亞洲國家的政治及時事具有高度興趣。
四、 羅靜如科長:長期擔任國際會議之俄語逐步口譯、同步口譯。
五、 李新穎副秘書長:同時任職於外交部經貿事務司及國合會。
六、 姜書益代表回部辦事:曾派駐白俄羅斯以及俄羅斯;並於派駐俄羅斯代表處時任政治組組長。對俄羅斯有長年近距離的觀察。
七、 吳志中秘書長:擔任歐盟協會秘書長,同時任職於東吳大學政治學系,在相關領域中同時擁有學術專業及實務經驗。
八、 王銀龍總經理:曾於2005年參加台俄協會的參訪團,親赴俄國實地考察投資環境,擁有豐富經商經驗。以實務的角度帶領同學瞭解俄國經貿環境。曾擔任石化公會秘書長。
九、 牛效華董事長:多次接洽聖彼得堡馬林斯基劇院的「基洛夫芭蕾舞團暨交響樂團」來台演出,亦曾與世界許多國家知名表演團體合作。
十、 江啟臣處長:除在東吳大學政治學系教育莘莘學子外,並擔任台灣經濟研究院國際事務處處長,於2006年獲得財經企管類的「台灣十大潛力人物」。
十一、 陳美芬系主任:在俄國及東歐文化藝術領域學有專精,在教學上有相當熱忱。
十二、 羅致政秘書長:任教於東吳大學政治學系,擅以獨特的觀點解析時勢,並以活潑有趣的氣氛帶領學員瞭解國際事務。

本會得調整課程主題及師資,課程表隨時更新於本會網頁
http://www.tra.org.tw/

Tuesday, December 18, 2007

A Gift from Afar


Today I got a Christmas gift that has travelled more than 9000 kilometres.


It's a diary with best wishes from afar...


that heralds a new chapter


to be translated by age and wisdom.

Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Profile of a Spanish-English Interpreter

Tony Jian, 11 Dec 2007

Warning: The names and some places in the profile have been changed to garantee anonymity and to protect "Ken's" working rights.

Seeing in the Dark

He is definitely a man with perseverance. In the eyes of his friend, Christina Yamamoto, "He is very confident. He is a sort of a motivator. Not arrogant but very confident. Now I still see a very confident man despite everything."

"Me llamo Ken y soy el intérprete de español. ¿Cómo puedo ayudarle? Hello, my name is Ken. I am the Spanish (or French) interpreter. How can I help you?…"

A cheerful ring from another client breaks in on his landline. Too bad he can't perform an interpreting duo. In the end, the preluding ring diminishes into an ornament that embellishes the melody of the Spanish and English solo by Ken López Hodder.

"Sometimes you get a lot. Sometimes you don't get anything for ages." He gives a jocular yet truthful comment on the frequency of interpreting job assignments after finishing the conference call. He reaches out his hands to the keyboard as if ready to play a sonata and out comes a collage of sounds from a screen reader on his computer. A black Labrador at Ken's feet pricks up its ears, stretches and nuzzles with its head between his legs.

"His name is Paka. It means 'goodbye' in Russian," Ken explains while stroking its sleek fur. This smart companion has been a life support for Ken for more than a year and has always brought great attention to him wherever they go.

Ken was born prematurely in Spain in 1981 and has undergone 14 operations since he came to this world. His twin died shortly afterwards. He lived on but was left with hydrocephalus. As a result, his doctor put a shunt in his head and a catheter that went all the way down to evacuate the fluids in his meninges. During the last operation in 2001, the doctor saw the catheter was not working. They didn't know how he was still alive. They took the catheter out but left the shunt in, which got infected in the theatre. The infection caused abscess in his brain and filled his head with pus. Consequently, the increased intracranial pressure squashed his optic nerve.

This tragedy hit hard on his family and forced Ken to stop his study of translation and interpreting in French and Spanish in YYY University, Spain.

"Ken cried with my wife, Rachel, and thought everything had finished and he couldn't get married. He asked many distressing questions," Juan López Marcos, Ken's father recalls.

"Before (blindness) I used to be very secure. And all of a sudden, every step forward was a potential collision. So the sense of security went totally," Ken confesses but says he has regained confidence because of the love of his parents and God.

Juan remembers one day he thought of St. Paul asking for help three times from the Lord. In the end, the Lord said to him, "My grace is sufficient for you for my power is made perfect in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:9) Paul understood this and relied on the Lord.

"The next day when I went to see Ken in the hospital, before saying anything to him, I saw a get well card from a friend quoting the same verse. So I thought, 'Thank you, Lord. This is what you want me to tell Ken to encourage him,'" Juan says.

Before Ken was discharged from the hospital after he'd recovered from a coma, his parents contacted the RNIB (Royal National Institute of the Blind), which sent Malvin Kitzerson, a social worker who is also blind, to teach him the basics.

"It was a hard process but as well a funny one," Ken comments.

"The first time when I was doing my mobility with my cane outdoors, a pedestrian saw me and we started talking. In the end, she told me she had a dog. I had only been blind for a couple of weeks. I thought I would be able to feel more now that I was blind. So I asked the pedestrian if I could stroke the dog. I wanted to see if it felt different. She said by all means. So I knelt down and stroked the dog. And I asked her, "What is it?" thinking she would say a Labrador, an Alsatian, etc. All of a sudden, my mobility instructor, from 20 metres behind me, shouted, "Ken! That's the lady's leg." I blushed. I must say in my defence I had gloves and it was winter. I couldn't tell the difference."

He practiced Braille four hours everyday and was able to "read" again in six and half months.

"Call a spade a spade! Political correctness is silly. There's no way you can change it. To avoid using the word 'see' is just highlighting the fact I can't see. I'm not worried about it why should you?"

His friend and neighbour Christina Yamamoto admits she also struggled a bit over the "right verb" in the beginning. "He often invites friends over. He might say, 'Come around and watch a DVD.' I thought that's no fun for you. Why would you want them to watch a DVD when you can't profit from watching it properly. I suppose he wants to, despite his blindness, lead as normal life as possible. He doesn't want his blindness to be a stumbling block for other people. Not to make an inhibition for him to have friends."

In fact, Ken has many of them from around the world. On the way up stairs to his room, there is a piece of paper on the wall with the sentence "Jesus loves you" in many different languages written by his international friends.

He likes to collect multilingual phrases such as "Happy Birthday", "Jesus Loves You" and the most recent one---"Merry Christmas".

His linguistic talent and amiable smile have made it easy for him to make friends. He can say "Hello" in 31 languages including Mandarin Chinese, German, Dutch, Greek, Turkish, Russian, Farsi, Yiddish, Swahili, Hindi, etc. Whenever he meets friends from a certain country, he can always greet them in their own language.

Thanks to blindness, "I no longer see the differences in people. I like not being able to judge a book by its cover. Now for me everybody looks exactly the same. I love that. I feel free," Ken reveals.

Having learned basic survival skills one year after the tragedy, Ken decided to go back to university. "But in Spain they didn't have the means for me to continue. So we decided to move to England."

He was accepted by the University of XXX and was the first blind student the school had ever had. Because the school was quite accommodating and Ken liked interpreting so much that he did an MA in Translation and Interpreting at the same university for two more years while studying the Diploma in Public Service Interpreting (DPSI) in the legal and medical options simultaneously.

The MA programme focused a lot more on conference interpreting, which also led to an intern opportunity at the UN in Vienna.

"I've always wanted to be an interpreter since I was a kid. The difficulty of my Spanish family not being able to communicate with my English family has prompted me to choose this career."

You would probably think with his linguistic talent and strong motivation he must have gotten his first job fairly easily. Not if the client has prejudice against blind people. Ken had been jobless for six months after graduation until he decided not to disclose sightlessness in his CV.

"Everything is ready but as soon as they learn I am blind, they go, 'Oh! That's fine. We'll call you later.'"

"Of course, they never do."

"I have lost my sight but not my brains."

Despite all the hardship, Ken didn't give up. He started out by offering telephone interpreting services and worked as a translator on the side. Now he has clients from the UK, the US, Spain, and countries in Latin America. He has done several conference interpreting sessions in south England and will be making his interpreting debut in a west African country in February next year.

"I'm looking forward to it," Ken gives a chuckle. The client in queue rings again. He turns his back, picks up the phone and interprets his Spanish and English solo with a sanguine tone: "Me llamo Ken y soy el intérprete de español. ¿Cómo puedo ayudarle? Hello, my name is Ken. I am the Spanish (or French) interpreter. How can I help you?…"

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Investigative Journalism and Enemy of the State

今天上課, 一向以調查報導聞名的記者 Duncan Campbell 來對我們演講. 他曾經好幾次揭發英國政府不欲人知的秘密, 因而聲名大譟.

他是首位批露英國政府通訊總部 (GCHQ) 的記者, 因而使自己成為1978年 ABC 審判 的主角.

1980年他調查美國國家安全局 (National Security Agency), 進而發現約克郡 Menwith Hill 基地竟是美軍用來攔截全球通訊的大本營.

1987年 Special Branch (暫譯政治部) 突襲 Mr Campbell 家, 辦公室及BBC位於蘇格蘭的總部, 因為他所製作的節目 "Secret Society" 爆出英國第一個間諜衛星---代號 Zircon.

1999 到 2000年他利用位於英國 Guildford 的檔案庫 (Guildford Depository) 揭露英美煙草公司 (British American Tobacco, BAT) 走私香菸的內幕, 並將報告呈交英國下議院健康委員會.

Guildford 檔案庫存有 BAT 及其子公司近六百萬頁的內部資料, 而另一個位於美國明尼蘇達州的檔案庫則存有超過三千三百萬頁關於 BAT 的內部資料. 該公司於1998年因訴訟案與明尼蘇達州政府和解, 條件是必須同意開放這兩個檔案庫作為研究之用, 期限為十年. (詳細報導及相關背景可參考 The Guardian, January 31, 2000)

有意思的是, Campbell 與其所屬的 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) 成員從那六百萬頁的文件中發現 BAT 高層提及走私相關字眼時, 會使用 euphemisms. 例如: DNP (Duty Not Paid), GT (General Trade), second channel 等等

Paul Adams 自 1991 到 1998 年擔任 BAT 亞太地區執行長, 期間走私香菸 (至中國, 台灣, 越南---見 Note of Evidence by Duncan Campbell) 而爭議不斷, 2001 年再度升遷. 一名反菸團體 (Ash) 執行長 Clive Bates 就說: "走私文件上佈滿了 Paul Adams 的指紋" (見 The Guardian, December 31, 2001)

Mr Campbell 的確是調查新聞的佼佼者, 不過也許樹敵太多, 話鋒一轉, 他談到自己絕不用 Gmail. 據他說我們所有的信件內容 (包含隱私) 都儲存在 Google 的資料庫中. 就算你將信件刪除, 它還是存在, 並沒有消失, 只是你自己看不到以為刪掉了. Gmail 固然好用, 但最好別用它來傳送私密信件或隱私相關內容 (如銀行資料等).

言至於此, 根本沒有什麼免費信箱能讓人放心的, 我們隨時都可能被某公司"出賣", 不然那些擾人的廣告郵件是怎麼來的.

別說公司了, 上週英國稅務暨海關署 (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) 不才丟了兩張共含有兩千五百萬人的機密資料嗎?

面對未來的世界可能如"全民公敵"的情節, 我們該怎麼辦?

像 Mr Campbell 這樣鍥而不捨, 挖掘真相的人確實應該多一點. 不過令人擔心的是他能挖掘機密, 其他駭客也可以. 他就擔心用來揭發弊案的工具, 方法反而被"敵人"用來對付自己.

特別當自己是小蝦米, 大鯨魚是"國家機器", "企業財團"時, 自己該如何自保?

我們身邊其實很多大鯨魚. 在法制下, 它們也許不會咬人, 但是我們禁不起任何一撞.

往往, 大鰭一拍, 傷害已經造成...

Saturday, November 24, 2007

留學英國 15 (新聞接力賽)

Warning: All names appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, real places and establishments, present or past is purely coincidental.

Online Journalism 這堂課的第一個正式測驗就是 running stories, 姑且戲稱為新聞接力賽. 老師一開始給我們極為有限的資訊 (如下), 要在四十分鐘內就這些訊息寫好虛構新聞稿, 每篇必須承上啟下, 卻又各自獨立. 每篇都必須讓讀者清楚最新發展為何, 還要交待事件原委.

Siege 1 Man believed armed in farmhouse six miles west of Wareham. He claims to hold unnamed teenager under duress. Incident began at 7.45am and police now in position around the farm. Police say some officers are armed. Psychologists and trained police negotiators are also present.

Time now: 10.15 Farm Address is Hinton Hamlet, near Wareham. Owned by Mr and Mrs AAA. They have two daughters BBB and CCC, aged 24 and 18. CCC lives at home and is not at her normal workplace day, a hairdressers, ZZZ, at 17 Juniper Road, Bournemouth.

Identity of man unknown.

Police warn public to keep away. Nearby is a farm cottage with farmhand DDD as occupant, he has been moved out by police. Area cordoned off. The culprit is reported to be shouting abuse from an upstairs window. Chief Inspector EEE of Bournemouth Police comments, "The situation is highly charged. Nobody is being allowed near. The situation is extremely dangerous." End fictitious story 1


根據這些消息, 我寫出以下虛構新聞稿:

Siege 1

Tension is escalating when an unidentified man is believed to hold a teenage hostage with arms in a farmhouse west of Wareham this morning.

The culprit is reported to be shouting abuse from an upstairs window in the house owned by Mr and Mrs AAA in Hinton Hamlet. One of their daughters, CCC, 18, lives at home and is not at her normal workplace.

The police have cordoned off the area and warn the public to keep away.

“The situation is highly charged. Nobody is being allowed near. The situation is extremely dangerous,” comments Chief Inspector EEE of Bournemouth Police.

Psychologists and trained police negotiators are present and some officers are armed just in case.


接下來老師提供新的消息, 要在十五分鐘內更新虛構新聞稿:
Siege 2 Time 11.15 Police voicebanks says a man is missing from jail, FFF, convicted in 2001 of assault causing grievous bodily harm. Jail: YYY Prison. Broke out last night. Details of escape not given.

以下是我的版本:

Siege 2

The police say a criminal broke out from YYY Prison late last night and is believed to hold a teenage hostage with arms in a farmhouse west of Wareham this morning.

The culprit is reported to be shouting abuse from an upstairs window in the house owned by Mr and Mrs AAA in Hinton Hamlet. One of their daughters, CCC, 18, lives at home and is not at her normal workplace.

The police have cordoned off the area and warn the public to keep away as tension is
escalating.

“The situation is highly charged. Nobody is being allowed near. The situation is extremely dangerous,” comments Chief Inspector EEE of Bournemouth Police.

Psychologists and trained police negotiators are present and some officers are armed just in case.

FFF was convicted of assault causing grievous bodily harm in 2001.


就這樣, 每隔一段時間, 我們就要根據老師發佈的新消息更新虛構新聞稿. 兩個小時內寫了五篇稿, 以下是我第五篇的虛構新聞稿:
Siege 5

A drunken armed fugitive from YYY Prison was shot to release a teenage girl after being tied up for hours in a farmhouse west of Wareham this morning.

The criminal, FFF, 28, pointed a gun at CCC's head and after a sound of gunshot, he “returned to the window on his own still brandishing a gun and a bottle of whisky in the other hand,” says Chief Inspector EEE of Bournemouth Police.

Marksmen covered FFF on the safe conduct he demanded to Bournemouth International Airport and had no choice but to shoot him.

MP for Dorset South-West GGG, Lib Dem comments, “I will be demanding full answers on all aspects of the escape. A shooting is a serious outcome but the hostage is safe thank goodness. The police will be reviewing their actions taken in the interests of public safety and that of the hostage.”

HHH, mother of the hostage, remarks, “To think what could have happened to the girl I think we have been lucky, and CCC was almost hysterical when police went in to get her.”

FFF forced into the house at 1am this morning while they were sound
asleep.

“Suddenly there was a violent banging on a window. I went to look and as I opened the back door a bearded man rushed at me with a piece of wood. Eventually we were shoved out of the door into the back yard,” remembers AAA.

FFF was wounded in the arm, but not serious, and was taken into police custody. He was convicted in May 2001 for offences of armed robbery and assault that he committed in June in 2000.

新聞接力賽, 緊張又刺激, 不但要快還要準. 更重要的是法律面, 這是老師"再強調也不為過的了." 也因此, 我已將人名, 機構名置換為英文代號, 再三強調以上內容完全虛構, 若有雷同, 純屬巧合.

Monday, November 19, 2007

Hail in Bournemouth Out of the Blue

Tony Jian, Bournemouth
19 Nov 2007
Hail the size of pearls fell suddenly in Bournemouth around 10.00 this morning. Some people were caught without umbrellas and waited inside buildings for more than 30 minutes.

The hail, first since October, lasted for around an hour and was followed by showers. Even some attempted to walk in the hail with umbrellas got their shoes wet inside out.

The weather turned cloudy at noon.
(article, pictures by Tony Jian)

Sunday, November 18, 2007

Sony Partners with BU to Deliver the UK's First Sony HD Media Studio



picture taken from Bournemouth University Bulletin Issue 21, October 2007

See news release on Sony's website
See news release on BU's website




About Bournemouth University (source: Bournemouth University Bulletin Issue 21, October 2007 and Sony's website)

The Media School at Bournemouth University is the largest centre of professional higher education for the media industries in the UK, offering high-quality, industry-recognised courses in Media Production and Media Management, Journalism, Computer Animation, and Communications; including Public Relations, Advertising and Marketing.

The Media School is the UK's only Centre for Excellence in Media Practice (as designated by the Higher Education Funding Council for England) and an accredited Skillset Screen Academy. These endorsements firmly establish the School as a major training and education centre for the media industries.

Saturday, November 17, 2007

"Pier Pressure" Premiere at Bournemouth International Centre

"Pier Pressure" Premiere: 3 Nov 2007
News Video, Editing by Tony Jian
Interview by Kyriaki Karadelis


Church Launches "Money Matters" Course

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 24 Oct 2007

A Free "Money Matters" course is starting at Lansdowne Baptist Church next week.

It runs for six weeks and addresses issues such as debt control and money management. "Debt is a serious problem. Lots of people are very much in debt. The church can not help people get out of debt but can teach them not to get into debt," says churchgoer Sam Whitelaw.

This is the first ever course of this type the church has launched since its establishment in 1876.

Lansdowne Baptist Church is a daughter church from Boscombe Baptist Church. It was set up by 40 Baptists who wanted to spread the gospel to people of Bournemouth, a smaller town than Boscombe at the time.

The church became independent and had its own pastor eight years later. It started with only 20 members in the beginning but the church was later full of faithful followers after Pastor Francis Dixon initiated a series of Bible classes in 1945.

"The first thing he did was to start a Bible school. We had meetings in this church every Tuesday night," remembers Mr Whitelaw, 87, who was 25 at the time.

Dixon was famous for the classes and the sermon notes he prepared. "He taught the Bible and people came to listen," states Mr Whitelaw, "Because the notes were very organized, they were then spread out throughout the world."

By the time Pastor Harvy Kilbride took the position in 1970, the church had been very successful. Hundreds of people, in particular, young people crowded into the church.

The Hub (picture above), a building right next to the church, was purchased during the term of Pastor Michael Buss in 1980s. It is a venue for socialising activities such as "the Mustard Seed Coffee Bar" for international students on Friday evenings.

"The asking price was £80,000 and the congregation contributed £104,000 so that allowed us to do lots of work," Mr Whitelaw explains.

Pastor Christ Kelly took up his post in 2002 and continued ever since. The church has just celebrated its 130th anniversary last year and also keeps up with the times by offering practical courses such as "Money Matters", which is not limited to Christians.

(article and pictures by Tony Jian)

Friends International Rolls Out "Visa Course"

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 21 Oct 2007

A ten week free course for international students is being held by Friends International at town centre every Tuesday evening.

The course offers not only an opportunity for international students to practice English and meet new friends but also an entrance into Christian faith, hence the name visa course.

“We usually have many students from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China and some from South America and Europe”, says international student worker at Friends International Sue Burt.

Julie Lee from South Korea states that she felt depressed before joining the course. “I worked for a company. I had a successful life but I felt helpless and empty.” Ms Lee attended the course in the autumn last year and seven months later she was baptised.

Visa course is only one out of many English learning activities that Friends International launches. Others include Wordsearch, A Meal at Richmond Park, The Mustard Seed Coffee Bar, Compass, iMeet, Wellspring Café, and Friday Evenings at West Cliff, just to name a few.

Friends International is a Christian organization that works with many churches across the UK to welcome international students. It aims to "help students of all faiths, or none, during their stay in the UK" and facilitate cultural exchanges.

The local origins can be traced back to summers in 1960s when there were many language schools in Bournemouth. Local churches found language students had no where to go so they decided to "welcome them, shelter them with hospitality and also give them an opportunity to find out about Christianity," explains Ms Burt.

The churches then cooperated with Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship (UCCF) but no formal organisation was formed to coordinate the issues about international students as yet.

In mid 1980s, the precursor of Friends International, International Student Christian Services (ISCS), was established and continued to work with UCCF, the former responsible for international student affairs while the latter mainly that of British Christian students.

"To reflect the nature of our work and for the ease of memory, ISCS was renamed Friends International in 2002," Ms Burt explains.

Friends International borrows the Hub (see picture below) from Lansdowne Baptist Church as the venue for some of its activities, the visa course being an example.


The course starts at the Hub, 7 Lansdowne Rd. Bournemouth, from 7:45pm to 9:45pm every Tuesday.

(article and picture by Tony Jian)

Russell-Cotes Museum Showcases Victorian drawings

Tony Jian, Bournemouth, 18 Oct 2007

Victorian drawings by Frederic Lord Leighton have just been showcased on October 16 in Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, one of the last Victorian buildings ever built in Bournemouth.

Russell-Cotes museum exhibits in six sections the works of Leighton, the President of Royal Academy for almost two decades, from the drawings he made as a student to the final works in his life.

The museum has also collaborated with Text + Work, the gallery at the Arts Institute at Bournemouth to create Meeting Place, a contemporary artwork exhibition inspired by the time, space, and displays inside the museum.

Peter Harvey is a member of staff at the service counter and has been working in the museum for 15 years. "We try to bring in different types of art as much as we can," says Mr Harvey. "The museum is like a book needs to be written."

The museum has invited many local artists, Abi Kremer for example, to display their works. It is a Grade 2 listed building steeped in history and yet full of energy and dynamics, made lively by the dialogue between contemporary artists with a wide repertoire of collections, from Japanese, Chinese, Indian, Tibetan, to Middle East, just to name a few.

"It is a cosmopolitan place," Mr Harvey comments.

It is also a "meeting place" where East meets West, and modernity juxtaposes with antiquity. It is a venue where artists can unleash their creativity, the public can engage in an intellectual discourse and children can have fun.

"Once I saw a kid forced in the door by his parents but ended up holding to the door without wanting to leave," reminisces Mr Harvey.

One of the museum's missions is to "increase audience for the arts and participation in arts activities, with particular reference to young people" and to "make arts activities accessible to everyone."

To accomplish the above mission, the museum has launched a series of activities for all age groups. Contact Marion Cavanagh Learning Officer for further information.

(article and picture by Tony Jian)

Friday, November 16, 2007

留學英國 14 (十月、十一月上半)

九月二十五日早晨五點二十五分,初次踏上英國的土地。在機場等到八點才看到學校派來的代表,舉著大大的 Bournemouth University 的招牌迎接我。之後,來自加拿大、美國、德國等各地的國際學生陸續到齊,一行人拖著厚重的行李,走出機場大門。雖然博恩茅斯 (Bournemouth) 在英國南端,理應較為暖和,不過迎面吹來的風卻仍是寒冷難耐,恰似寒流來襲,我趕緊坐上巴士,望著半陰半晴的天空。


從倫敦希斯洛機場到博恩茅斯約兩個多小時的車程,一路上看到許多令我吃驚的事物。例如路邊清澈乾淨的大水溝裡有許多鴨子;高速公路兩旁就是寬廣的大草原,有的牛隻甚至就在公路中間巨大的安全島上吃草;博恩茅斯很多圓環,車子要過圓環時都會先禮讓右側來車,直到圓環右側沒有車子才進入圓環;一個不怎麼樣的三明治就要一磅多到兩磅,算成台幣的話真不敢買下去;坐公車也很貴,從學校坐到市區 (大約是台北火車站搭15號到和平東路的距離) 就要一磅六,同樣的價錢跟距離在台北可以坐五次以上了。

到學校後第一件事就是去宿舍辦公室報到,領鑰匙,買床具組後走到我的房間。我住在 Student Village 一間二樓的套房 (學校稱Studio),景觀很好,每天一開窗就可看到日出。不過我還沒閒情逸致欣賞美景,就要先清點回報房間缺少受損的物品。





燈一盞不亮、房間沒有椅子、書架隔層木板斷了、網路不能用、床墊上有焦印等等都跟舍辦報告,負責人竟然說不知道什麼時候會修好。不過我還有更重要的民生問題要解決,趕緊在日落前問人才找到附近的ALDI買些米油鹽醬,一股無助與孤獨感頓時襲上心頭。這一天起,開始要獨立生活,洗衣做飯。還得趕緊買國際電話卡,去銀行開戶,這些都要花許多時間比較打聽,好在學校安排了一連串的講座 (ISOP---International Students Orientation Programme),我也慢慢熟悉環境,不安感才逐漸降低。

以下是 ISOP 的活動內容:
九月二十五、二十六兩天學校安排了各校區的校園導覽、超市團 (像是旅遊團一樣,有領隊帶路)、免費咖啡及點心。
九月二十七重頭戲:警察局與人身安全、銀行開戶、簽證延簽講座、報名週末踏青 (Purbeck Trip)、行人、自行車安全、學生社團及晚上的Welcome Party。
九月二十八:CV講座、面試技巧、英國學業準備等講座。
九月二十九 Purbeck Trip:經過以下景點
Brownsea Island, 俯瞰 Poole Harbour, Poole area, 及 Bournemouth
Corfe Castle
Swanage Bay
Durlston Country Park
Durdle Door 及 Lulworth Cove


趣聞
*侏儸紀海岸---為英格蘭第一個列為聯合國世界遺產之處,東起 Purbeck (Old Harry Rocks) 西到 East Devon,上述景點從Swanage Bay到Lulworth Cove都屬於侏儸紀海岸的範圍
*白金漢宮和聯合國大樓的建材之一就是Purbeck 的石灰岩

這次的Purbeck Trip令人難忘。我去了英國本島南端的海岸,景致壯麗,站在陡峭的海崖上面對著英吉利海峽,不敢相信遙遠的另一邊就是法國……

十月一日開學後隨即感到極大的功課壓力,每週平均上課時數為22.5小時,週一到週五都有課,跟大一沒什麼兩樣。




有學術性的課 (Frontiers in Journalism)也有實務的課 (Core Skills for Journalism、Digital Broadcasting: Radio & TV、Online Journalism、Legal and Ethical Context),也有技術性的課 (Photoshop、Webstructure、Premier)。每週有兩個早上必須模擬新聞室作業,在一小時內完成老師指定的編輯或寫稿工作。另外課餘還要自己出去採訪廣播、網路、或電視新聞,對於我這個外國人來說,難度之高可想而知。


仔細分析,這些工作的難度源自以下因素:
  1. 週遭環境
    我到博恩茅斯還不到兩星期就開始要自己出去採訪新聞,剛開始連警察局、法院、遊客中心等重要據點在哪裡都不知道,花許多時間查地圖,看公車路線。

  2. 交通因素
    我十月二十日才買腳踏車,在那之前都是坐公車出去採訪,然而公車不是每條路都有,腳踏車能到的地方也不遠,行動受限,只能採訪小範圍內的新聞。

  3. 語言文化
    學了許久的英文,仍舊遇到許多溝通理解上的挫折。許多人英式口音很重,說話速度又快,提到沒聽過的人名、地名、事件名時根本聽不懂。這就好像我們用台灣國語跟外國人聊斗六市某里長伯政績一樣地令人氣餒。garage 這個國中就學過的單字, 在這裡的發音截然不同, 讓你以為是新字. 我參加一個 Revision Techniques for Exams 的講座, 心想考試卷交了就交了還可以 revise 的喔, 原來英式英語的 revise 是美式英語的 review.
  4. 新聞線索
    博恩茅斯說小不小,說大也不大,狗咬人的事比人咬狗的事多。更別說我的採訪區(Patch)了---Wallisdown 盡是 bungalows 跟 residential area。不過其他的 Patch 倒是蠻有趣的, 像是 Charminster 就有很多不同特色的餐廳 (泰國, 中國, 土耳其, 印度等),The Square 有遊客中心,靠近 Bournemouth Pier 及 Bournemouth International Centre。
  5. 採訪技巧
    這是需要不斷訓練累積的。我的身分很尷尬,有人知道我只是學生,就不太想理我;有人知道我是學生,反而願意幫我而多說一點。所以在開口之前都要先觀察一番,揣測對方希望我是學生,還是所謂的 trainee journalist,猜錯的話就很難從這個人口中問出個什麼了。另外一個困難就是要取得受訪者的基本資料如姓名、年齡、電話等。我們都很不願意給陌生人這些資料,更何況重視隱私的英國人,這使的我的工作格外艱難。
  6. 撰稿技巧
    除了基本的新聞架構外,不同的媒體有不同的要求。例如廣播稿要比網路新聞口語,資訊也不能像網路新聞那麼密集。電視新聞稿則要配合畫面說故事。除此之外,很重要的是英國的新聞相關法規,例如青少年犯罪案由少年法庭開始審理後,就不可以報導任何足以指涉該少年的資訊,否則會被冠上藐視法庭 (Contempt of Court) 的罪名,要是不注意,很容易吃上官司。

誰 說 記 者 很 好 當 ?


於是,這些種種的困難加上繁重的課業實在壓得我喘不過氣來,但也逐漸適應而找到生存之道。上週總算擠出一天的時間到倫敦去,不巧剛好遇到有人「搞軌」,只好從Richmond坐公車晃到倫敦。 (picture taken at Horse Guards Parade)



博恩茅斯大學多媒體新聞學程最吸引我的就是能到英國各種不同媒體實習的機會。該學程由英國 Broadcast Journalism Training Council 認可,所上講師與業界關係良好。我們現在起就要開始申請到BBC或Sky News等電視、廣播、平面或網路媒體實習,並在第二學期結束和第三學期開始之間完成。

本校的媒體學院另一個好處是有24小時的專屬剪接/電腦室,我都是到這裡用數位電視看免費新聞 (在英國買電視來看要交執照費) 學費那麼貴,當然要好好利用囉。

另外值得一提的是採訪新聞的過程中我遇到一個英、西、法語的盲人口譯員,他在博恩茅斯大學教西語,平時也接口筆譯的案子,跟我分享很多經驗。我現在在學校教中文,每週一小時,為期六週,這也是沒意料到的事。

Tuesday, September 18, 2007

留學英國 13 (行前準備)

今年九月二十四日我就要啟程前往英國參加學校舉辦的國際學生說明會(ISOP)。十月一日正式開學,課程就緊鑼密鼓地展開了。根據我所掌握的資料,第一、二學期學習的重點在於廣播、電視、網路新聞的採訪、編輯、製作到播報等,有小組作業,也有個人作業。我是極少數的亞洲學生,大部分的同學都是英國人和歐洲人,我必須學習和他們溝通、合作,以完成各項新聞的團隊任務。相較於許多這些在媒體業界的同學,英語不是我的母語,而且我之前也沒有真正的新聞實務經驗,這些都是可以想見的挑戰。不過,換個角度想,能夠與許多優秀的同學一起學習,收穫應該不少吧!我想就抱持這樣樂觀的態度,像塊海綿一樣盡情地吸收學習吧。


出發前的準備中值得一提的是購買相關設備。老師在暑假的時候通知我們必須備齊以下七樣設備:
1. MiniDV 攝影機 (PAL系統)
2. 三腳架
3. Sony MZ-B10 可攜式MD錄音器
4. Audio Technica AT804 全指向麥克風
5. 麥克風接頭及線 (3公尺長)
6. 耳機 (3.5 mm插頭)
7. DV備用電池


其中第一、三、四項都是專業新聞人員所使用的器材,老師也都有規定必須購買的型號。這些器材不但採購不易 (如PAL系統的機器台灣沒有進口),所費也相當昂貴。DV少說也要三萬元;Sony MD是我好不容易在Yahoo拍賣網站上才找到賣家,價錢也是令人咋舌,七千八百元;而日本鐵三角的全指向麥克風也是到音響專賣公司才以三千八百元買到 (這也是該公司當時唯一一支同款的麥克風)。台灣的DV因為系統不符所以我只好等到英國後再購買,這又是天價了,因為英國不生產DV!總之,還沒開學我們就被學校要求先投資大把鈔票,正所謂「工欲善其事,必先利其器」啊。
不只如此,我還在暑假時先學習操作這些設備,並學習剪接軟體 (會聲會影9) 和簡單的拍攝技巧。學姐告訴我說到時候還要學習用Dreamweaver、Adobe Premiere、Photoshop等軟體編寫多媒體網路新聞。對於原本唸文科的我來說,這個學程的入門門檻之高也是我始料未及的。所幸學姐說老師都會從頭教起,我也就稍微放心了。
現在進入倒數階段,我也忙著打包,閱讀許多文件,繼續學習使用軟體。目前心情既興奮又緊張,Bournemouth University, I'm coming!

Tuesday, August 07, 2007

日文他動詞與自動詞的奧妙: 以"壊す, 壊れる, 入れる, 入る"為例

學語言的朋友應該都知道語言和文化是密不可分的. 依稀記得語言學概論課本上的某句話大意是這樣: Learning a language without knowing its culture is the best way to make a fool of oneself. 而大二上"語言與文化"這門課時也看到了許多不同類型的文化, 其中 Hall 依照不同的 culture orientations 將文化區分為 high context culture 和 low context culture. 傳統的中國, 日本等亞洲文化就是典型的 high context culture, 這些文化中的語言較為倚重情境 (context) 來溝通, 也較為隱晦 (implicit), 間接 (indirect). 此外, 這些文化的成員同質性較高 (more homogeneous), 因此就算是隱晦間接的訊息對他們而言也比較不言而喻, 彼此心照不宣.

相較之下, 屬於 low context culture 的美國文化及語言就較為外顯 (explicit), 直接 (direct), 成員間的異質性較高 (more heterogeneous), 也因此溝通時非得把話說清楚不可, 說什麼就是什麼, 沒說出的話就等於沒說, 沒有人會以為你只是客氣或禮貌而不說出來. 或許是這樣, 要讓他們了解"盡在不言中"是頗困難的一件事.

近來複習日文時, 看到了應證上述現象的例子, 不僅讓我又重新認識了日語的他動詞和自動詞, 也看到了日本文化對日語的影響.

首先解釋一下他動詞和自動詞的基本差異:

"他動詞"強調的是動作行為本身
彼はドアを開けました。(他把門打開了. 強調他做了"開門"這件事)
わたしはてを挙げて、タクシーを止めました。(我舉起手, 讓計程車停下來. 強調我"讓計程車停下來"這件事)

"自動詞"則是強調動作的結果或狀態
ドアが開きました。(門開了, 不管什麼外力造成. 強調'"門開了"這個結果)
ドアが開いています。(門開著. 強調狀態)
店のまえにタクシーが止まりました。(計程車在商店前停下來. 強調'"車停下來"這個結果)

看到這, 我們很容易把他動詞當成及物動詞, 把自動詞當成不及物動詞, 但其實雖有重疊之處, 卻不完全一樣. 因為英文的及物, 不及物的差別並不像日文是在於"動作行為本身"或"動作的結果或狀態".

那麼日本文化跟他動詞, 自動詞有什麼關係呢?

先看看壊す(弄壞, 他動詞), 壊れる(壞掉, 自動詞)
如果別人的相機本來就有問題, 我們使用後弄壞了, 歸還時可能會說"對不起, 這個相機壞了"

ごめんなさい。このカメラが壊れました。(壊れました是自動詞)


但是這個情況下, 日本人很可能還是會選擇說"對不起, 我把這個相機弄壞了"

ごめんなさい。このカメラ、壊しました。(壊しました是他動詞)


因為這麼說表示"雖然我不是故意的, 但是因為我的關係所以讓它壞了." 而 "このカメラが壊れました。"則是單純表示相機壞了的結果, 沒有讓人感到歉意, 所以日本人比較不會這麼說.

再看看入れる (泡茶, 他動詞), 入る (泡茶, 自動詞)
如果我們要招待日本朋友, 泡茶給他喝, 可能會憑直覺套文法說"我把茶泡好了"

お茶を入れました。(入れました是他動詞)

但是這句話的言外之意是"我特別為了你去泡茶", 反而會給予客人壓力.

相對地, 我們的日本朋友要泡茶招待我們時, 很可能會選擇說

お茶が入りました。(入りました是自動詞)

因為這只是說明"茶已經泡好了", 而不強調是誰去泡的, 比較不會給客人壓力.

由此我們可以看出, 若是不了解某地的文化跟語言習慣, 很可能在許多情況下造成聽者的反感. 這些用語的選擇已經不是光用文法憑直覺就可以解釋的, 而是語言和文化交融下的產物, 這種情況在 high context culture 的日文中甚為明顯, 提供大家參考. 也歡迎提出其他語言的例子.

Friday, August 03, 2007

留學英國 12 (LSE 傳媒所所長信函)


七月三十一日收到 LSE 媒體與傳播研究所 (Dep. of Media & Communications) 所長 Prof. Sonia Livingstone 寄來的 email, 恭喜我獲得錄取, 成為該所的新生 (內容如下). 前一天晚上我才正式上網取消申請, 得知錄取消息後內心卻是異常平靜.
腦海中只是浮現一個畫面: 我坐著火車向窗外凝視, 景物像快速倒轉的帶子往身後飛去, 車子經過大站沒有停靠, 卻來到另一個小站.
這應該有其原因的...
我看著地圖, 準備下車, 相信這裡離目的地比較近. 未來的路程也許顛簸, 但意想不到的收穫也更多.
Dear ________,

I would like to congratulate you on being offered a place on this exciting and challenging programme. By now you should have received your official offer from our Graduate Admissions Office. This will give you all the information you need about the formalities to be followed in joining the programme. If you are holding a conditional offer, you will still need to meet this condition and to provide evidence of having done so to the Graduate Admissions Office before your offer will be confirmed and registration materials sent.

The purpose of this letter is to convey some information that will give you a head start in your studies, so that you can get the maximum benefit from your LSE experience.

Our courses are theoretical in nature, informed by the intellectual and empirical insights of the teaching staff and the academic field of media and communications more broadly. While our courses may often include opportunities to consider how theory and empirical research may be applied in particular settings, we do not offer a sustained practical training of the kind one might expect from, for example, a Business or Journalism School. Typically, courses in the department are taught through the combination of a weekly one hour lectures plus a weekly one-hour seminar. Lectures may be delivered to large groups of students, depending on the numbers of students who select that course. Seminars may be taught in smaller groups (up to 18 students) by full time faculty or by appropriately trained part-time Graduate Teaching Assistants.

The New Arrivals webpage is updated regularly and you'll find all the information you need to know about Induction and Registration.

We are currently preparing our 2007/08 Handbooks and these will be posted on our website over the summer. This is a dynamic programme and we would like the Handbook to be as up to date as possible, but in the meantime, you may like to look at our 2006/07 Handbooks, which are available on our departmental web pages.

Full study guides and reading lists for 2007/08 will be available at the start of term.

Monday, July 30, 2007

留學英國 11 (BU 新生說明會手冊)

前幾天 Bournemouth University 寄來一份 ISOP (International Students' Orientation Programme) 資料, 還附上一本非常實用且重要的 Welcome Guide, 心中的某些疑惑獲得了解決. 看到 ISOP 的行程中還包括倫敦一日遊, 更是不免興奮了起來.


ISOP 詳細內容請點選以下圖檔, 即可放大觀看:



很高興看到台灣學生的留言竟然出現在 ISOP 的信件中 (下圖上方螢光筆處)











Welcome Guide

Saturday, July 21, 2007

A Chinese regal vegetarian restaurant

2007-07-21 evening

King Join restaurant logo and teapot (below)

some curios (below)


核桃南瓜羹 Walnut Pumpkin Paste (below, translation from the menu)


蘿蔔酥餅 Turnip Buns (below, translation from the menu)


山藥枸杞炒蘆筍 Chinese Yam & Wolfberries Stir Fried with Asparagus (below, translation from the menu)


紅燜猴頭蘑 Stewed Hedgehog Mushroom with Gingko (below, translation from the menu)

什錦炒飯 Assorted Stir Fried Rice (below, translation from the menu)



精燉猴菇麵 Hedgehog Mushroom Noodle Soup (below, translation from the menu)



Chinese zither music



Desserts (the following introductions are excerpts from the menu)

As the capital of China for five dynasties---Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing, snack history in Beijing dates back to the 14th century...
碗豆黃 Pea Cake
made of choice yellow peas and a kind of special herb
This cake was one of the snacks served at the state feast to welcome Mrs. Thatcher's state visit to China.

驢打滾 Rocking Donkey
The donkey played an important role in the old agricultural Beijing. Donkeys were used to drive the grinder that ground the bean flour, one of the ingredients of this type of snack. The cake looks like the mud sticking to the surface of a rocking donkey and thus it is called Rocking Donkey snack.

蓮蓉捲糕 Lotus Seed Paste Roll
a mascot symbol and a kind of tonic

奶酪 Chinese Yogurt
It is made with fresh milk, fermented rice soup and sugar and baked on a charcoal fire, then cooled with ice for condensation.

2007 Taipei Aquapets & Family Pets Fair

7/20~7/23 (10:00~18:00)











My cutie ^^
All photos and video clips by TJ. All rights reserved.

Monday, July 16, 2007

I am of Mongolian descent?

July 16th, 2007 was a special day for two reasons: it officially marked the end of my 3-year Spanish learning and on the same day when I went to see a dentist for dental scaling, he told me that I may be of Mongolian descent since I have oral tori, a genetic legacy from Mongols according to the dentist.

This probably explains why I find Japanese familiar to me (even though whether Japanese belongs to Altaic family is still disputed).

I'm beginning to find intriguing the interplay between genetics, anthropology and historical linguistics...

Sunday, July 15, 2007

Manila (a cocktail of diverse cultures) 2

Story by TJ

On the way to Intramuros (official site), they passed by Rizal Park, where José Rizal was executed. The park was named after this national hero of the Philippines who advocated social and political reforms during Spanish rule (late 16th century to late 19th century). As others were listening with rapt attention to Rizal's anecdotes, Hanson was engulfed in a surge of repentance. He wished he could have learned more about Rizal and Filipino history before this trip. "If I at least googled him before coming here, I would know better about this interesting polymath," he muttered.




The first stop Hanson and the others went to in Intramuros was this 426-year old Manila Metropolitan Cathedral.









Since a wedding was being held there by the time they arrived, they did not have a tour inside. Just when Lily was backing up the car, a little boy around the age of 10 suddenly began to rap on the trunk. He continued to rap until the car came to a stop. Lily rolled down the car window, gave 5 pesos to the boy, turned over and said, "This is our custom. In many countries people may knock on your car to warn you against a wall, a ditch or something. Here we knock to tell the driver it's ok to keep on backing up the car." She continued, "I gave him 5 pesos in case he broke my window."





It was only a 2-minute drive from Manila Metropolitan Cathedral to Casa Manila Museum ("casa" means "house" in Spanish), a time tunnel into the lifestyle of a rich family during Spanish colonial period.




Kenny and Justin read out the introduction of this museum, which they printed out from Intramuros website:

"...The vases are Ming, the wooden furniture is Victorian. Walls are Baroque. The high ceilings and wide narra planks for flooring are Castillan. And the capiz windows and louvers were adapted by the Spaniards to provide better ventilation in our tropical climate..."

"Narra is our national tree and Capiz is a province in the middle of the Philippines," Lily explained.








The picture below shows capiz windows.





"An amazing view," exclaimed Hanson, "What geometric forms can you see from here?"
"Trapezoids," Justin said with confidence.
"A combination of a sector and a trapezoid," Shelly added.
"Parallelograms?" Kenny murmured.
"Arches, rectangles and triangles," Lily interrupted while surveying the panorama of this atrium.
Hanson smiled at their answers as if he was conducting a symphony.




Indeed, this marvelous piece of architecture is imbued with the beauty of equilibrium and steeped in a myriad of cultural elements, something that Hanson has always looked out for on an urban trip. That evening the group had a feast in a boat-shaped restaurant...





...and went for a stroll on the sidewalk of Roxas Boulevard, next to Manila Bay.




Lily sent Hanson back to New Solanie Hotel. When leaving, Kenny sent Hanson a buko pie (buko means young coconuts in Tagalog) as a pasalubong (souvenir).





This reminded Hanson of the buko pie he bought on the way back from Taal volcano and of the fact that he couldn't go there again as all his friends would have to work the next day. For the following two days, he would need to explore the city alone.






To be continued...

Saturday, July 14, 2007

Manila (a combination of modernization and backwardness) 1

Story by TJ
This was Hanson's second time to visit Manila, the first time being 2 years and 7 months ago (in winter). To his surprise, it was cooler in Manila than in Tokyo in summer. Due to the serious delay of his flight, it was past dinner time when he arrived at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Many travel books say it's dangerous to take other means of transportation except taxis so he hailed one at the airport counter and bargained for a 550-peso taxi ride. Although he knew that was a rip-off and that the driver would go in circles, all he had in mind was to get to New Solanie Hotel quickly and safely for the first night.
The next morning (Sunday) around 6:30 Hanson was awoken by incessant jeepney honks 4 floors below. This shows how people there like to honk:


To say that you can hear honks of this magnitude on any main road in Manila is by no means an exaggeration.
Like many foreigners, Hanson soon got used to this uninviting morning call.
Before this trip, Hanson had contacted his friend, Kenny, who has just stayed in Manila for about a month. He was scheduled to meet Kenny on Sunday morning. It so happened that Kenny's friend, Lily, who is a Chinese teacher at a local kindergarten, wanted to show him around in the city so Hanson was also invited for a free ride. While they were waiting for Lily, Kenny bought a grande cup of Halo Halo for Hanson.


Finally, there came Lily's van. When the door was swung open, Hanson was surprised to see a long lost friend, Justin, in the car. "Hey Justin, what a coincidence!" said Hanson. He was then introduced to Lily and her niece, Shelly. As everyone was thinking where to go for lunch, Lily suggested to go to Mall of Asia, the largest mall in the Philippines.


After lunch, they headed off to an area with Spanish remains called Intramuros. (In Spanish, "muro" means "wall".) That was a gorgeous place with churches (iglesias) and houses (casas) in Spanish architecture. Even the names of roads are of Spanish origin. In fact, even outside this historic site, many road names such as "Adriatico" (which is derived from "Adriatic Sea") in Manila are Spanish.
To be continued...

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